7. In the brown adipose tissue (BAT) in the newborns, transmembrane protongradient is uscd not only to produce ATP, but to keep the newborns warm.The mitochondria of BAT have a unique protein in their inner membranethermogenin, also called the uncoupling protein I (UCP1). Explain the role ofUCPI in thermoregulation. For the answer:a) draw the scheme of the ETC and explain how the electrochemical gradient isgenerated during the electron transport;b) describe the mechanisms of uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation byUCPI;c) compare the changes in the transmembrane proton gradient after the action ofinhibitors of the respiratory chain (including rotenone, antimycin A, cyanide,carbon monoxide) and the uncoupling agents.

Answered: thermogenin, also called the uncoupling…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Explain in detail of the process of cellular respiration, including all the stages of cellular respiration (glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation) and explain the substrate and product of each pathway. And make a table of the products formed at the end of glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation (ATPs, NADHs, water, and carbon dioxide). Then discuss about oxidation-reduction of various molecules that are a part of these pathways.
Focusing on the mechanism linking complex I and ATP synthase depicted in figure 3 in the article, compare that hypothetical mechanism to the classical presentation described in textbooks. What are the major differences between this mechanism and Peter Mitchel’s original chemiosmotic theory? What are the similarities.
Most biochemists agree that the most accurate number of H+ needed to generate one ASP is blank. Therefore one NADH generated about blank ATP molecules?
DESCRIBE the steps involved in the ATP production in the electron transport system (Only ETS, not glycolysis or Krebs cycle).
Focusing on the mechanism linking complex I and ATP synthase depicted in figure 3 in the article, compare that hypothetical mechanism to the classical presentation described in our textbook. What are the major differences between this mechanism and Peter Mitchel’s original chemiosmotic theory? What are the similarities.
a.Write the balanced reactions catalyzed by complex I, II, III, and 1V, and using these, write the balanced net reaction for the electron transport chain. Structures are not necessary. b. Write the balanced reaction for the ATP synthase reaction. c. Write the net reaction for Oxidative phosphorylation showing the ATP produced from NADH oxidation and FADH2 oxidation. (this is in your text) d. Write the balanced reaction for ATP production by aerobic metabolism starting with glucose.
Lactic acid is a biproduct formed at the end of anaerobic respiration. This molecule is dangerous to cells of the body if it builds up too much. Despite this, the formation of lactic acid is very important. Explain why the process of anaerobic respiration is so important (providing reference to glycolysis, the role of coenzymes, and ATP formation).
Using a generalized terminology (i.e. neither CIII nor CIV specific), explain how complex III and IV act as electron/proton charge separation device (not a proton pump) in mitochondria bioenergetics to create electron potential through the iner mitochondria membrane
The following table summarizes the standard redox potential of some components ofelectron transport chain.Can cytochrome a and a3 be put in complex I whereas cytochrome b and c1 are put incomplex III? Explain.
Although the outer mitochondrial membrane is permeable to all small molecules, the inner mitochondrial membrane is essentially impermeable in the absence of specific transport proteins. Consider this information answer: Present two types of benefits derived from separating the reactions of glycolysis in the cytosol from those that occur during the citric acid cycle in the mitochondrion.
Calculate the number of ATPATP generated from one saturated 1212‑carbon fatty acid. Assume that each NADHNADH molecule generates 2.5 ATP2.5 ATP and that each FADH2FADH2 molecule generates 1.5 ATP1.5 ATP .

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