There is an endless 2-dimensional framework. The robot remains in cell (0,0) and needs to arrive at cell (x,y). Here is a rundown of potential orders the robot can execute:    move north from cell (i,j) to (i,j+1);    move east from cell (i,j) to (i+1,j);    move south from cell (i,j

Operations Research : Applications and Algorithms
4th Edition
ISBN:9780534380588
Author:Wayne L. Winston
Publisher:Wayne L. Winston
Chapter19: Probabilistic Dynamic Programming
Section19.4: Further Examples Of Probabilistic Dynamic Programming Formulations
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There is an endless 2-dimensional framework. The robot remains in cell (0,0) and needs to arrive at cell (x,y). Here is a rundown of potential orders the robot can execute: 

 

move north from cell (i,j) to (i,j+1); 

 

move east from cell (i,j) to (i+1,j); 

 

move south from cell (i,j) to (i,j−1); 

 

move west from cell (i,j) to (i−1,j); 

 

stay in cell (i,j). 

 

The robot needs to arrive at cell (x,y) in as couple of orders as could really be expected. In any case, he can't execute a similar order at least twice in succession. 

 

What is the base number of orders needed to reach (x,y) from (0,0)? 

 

Input 

 

The main line contains a solitary integer t (1≤t≤100) — the number of testcases. 

 

Every one of the following t lines contains two integers x and y (0≤x,y≤104) — the objective directions of the robot. 

 

Output 

 

For each testcase print a solitary integer — the base number of orders needed for the robot to reach (x,y) from (0,0) if no order is permitted to be executed at least twice in succession.

 

 

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