There is a correspondence between matrices and bilinear forms given by B(v, w) = v' Aw. (i) Find necessary and sufficient conditions on A so that the corresponding bilinear form B is symmetric i.e. B(v, w) = B(w,v). (ii) The Lie algebra B is defined as the set of a E gln+1(C) leaving the form f invariant: f(xv, w) + f(v, xw) = 0 Vv, w e C2n+1.

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Chapter2: Second-order Linear Odes
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Help solve Lie algebra question ii. I have added the reference of 1.2 below it. Thanks
There is a correspondence between matrices and bilinear forms given by B(v, w):
v' Aw.
(i) Find necessary and sufficient conditions on A so that the corresponding
bilinear form B is symmetric i.e. B(v, w) = B(w, v).
(ii) The Lie algebra B, is defined as the set of a € gl1(C) leaving the form
f invariant:
f(xv, w) + f(v, xw) = 0
Vv, w e C2n+1.
Explain why a has the form stated in (1.2).
B,: Let dim V = 2l+1 be odd, and take f to be the nondegenerate sym-
(1 0 0
metric bilinear form on V whose matrix is s = 0 0 I,
The orthogonal
algebra o(V), or o(26+1, F), consists of all endomorphisms of V satisfying
(x(v), w) = -(v, x(w)) (the same requirement as for C,). If we partition x in
/a b, ba
C, mn
\C2 P q
translates into the following set of conditions: a = 0, c, = -b, c2 =
q = -m', n' = -n, p' -p. (As in the case of C,, this shows that Tr(x)
= 0.) For a basis, take first the diagonal matrices eu-e+i,t+i (2 sis
l+1). Add the 2l matrices involving only row one and column one:
the same form as s, say x =
then the condition sx = -x's
- b,
e1,+i+1-e+1,1 and e,1+1-e+i+1,1 (1 s is). Corresponding to
q = -m', take (as for C) e+1J+1-++1,t+i+1 (I <i +js). For
n take e+1,t+j+1-e+1,+i+1 (1 si<js), and for p, ete+i.+
ej+e+1,1+1 (1 sj<is(). The total number of basis elements is 222+l
(notice that this was also the dimension of C).
Transcribed Image Text:There is a correspondence between matrices and bilinear forms given by B(v, w): v' Aw. (i) Find necessary and sufficient conditions on A so that the corresponding bilinear form B is symmetric i.e. B(v, w) = B(w, v). (ii) The Lie algebra B, is defined as the set of a € gl1(C) leaving the form f invariant: f(xv, w) + f(v, xw) = 0 Vv, w e C2n+1. Explain why a has the form stated in (1.2). B,: Let dim V = 2l+1 be odd, and take f to be the nondegenerate sym- (1 0 0 metric bilinear form on V whose matrix is s = 0 0 I, The orthogonal algebra o(V), or o(26+1, F), consists of all endomorphisms of V satisfying (x(v), w) = -(v, x(w)) (the same requirement as for C,). If we partition x in /a b, ba C, mn \C2 P q translates into the following set of conditions: a = 0, c, = -b, c2 = q = -m', n' = -n, p' -p. (As in the case of C,, this shows that Tr(x) = 0.) For a basis, take first the diagonal matrices eu-e+i,t+i (2 sis l+1). Add the 2l matrices involving only row one and column one: the same form as s, say x = then the condition sx = -x's - b, e1,+i+1-e+1,1 and e,1+1-e+i+1,1 (1 s is). Corresponding to q = -m', take (as for C) e+1J+1-++1,t+i+1 (I <i +js). For n take e+1,t+j+1-e+1,+i+1 (1 si<js), and for p, ete+i.+ ej+e+1,1+1 (1 sj<is(). The total number of basis elements is 222+l (notice that this was also the dimension of C).
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