Theodore von Kármán in 1930 theorized that turbulentshear could be represented by τturb = ε du/dy, whereε= ρκ2y2|du/dy| is called the mixing-length eddy viscosityand κ ≈ 0.41 is Kármán’s dimensionless mixing-lengthconstant [2, 3]. Assuming that τturb ≈ τw near the wall,show that this expression can be integrated to yield thelogarithmic overlap la).

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Q: e vorticity

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Fluid Dynamics

The study of the flow of gases and liquids, usually in and around solid surfaces, is known as fluid dynamics in physics and engineering. Fluid dynamics, for example, can be used to evaluate the movement of air through an airplane wing or the surface of a vehicle. It can also be used in ship design to increase the speed at which ships pass through water.