The useful metal manganese can be extracted from the mineral rhodochrosite by a two-step process. In the first step, manganese(II) carbonate and oxygen react to form manganese(IV) oxide and carbon dioxide: 2MnCO3s + O2g + 2MnO2s -> 2CO2g In the second step, manganese(IV) oxide and aluminum react to form manganese and aluminum oxidide: 3MnO2s + 4Als + 3Mns -> 2Al2O3s Suppose the yield of the first step is 74.% and the yield of the second step is 96.% . Calculate the mass of manganese(II) carbonate required to make 8.0kg of manganese.
Thermochemistry
Thermochemistry can be considered as a branch of thermodynamics that deals with the connections between warmth, work, and various types of energy, formed because of different synthetic and actual cycles. Thermochemistry describes the energy changes that occur as a result of reactions or chemical changes in a substance.
Exergonic Reaction
The term exergonic is derived from the Greek word in which ‘ergon’ means work and exergonic means ‘work outside’. Exergonic reactions releases work energy. Exergonic reactions are different from exothermic reactions, the one that releases only heat energy during the course of the reaction. So, exothermic reaction is one type of exergonic reaction. Exergonic reaction releases work energy in different forms like heat, light or sound. For example, a glow stick releases light making that an exergonic reaction and not an exothermic reaction since no heat is released. Even endothermic reactions at very high temperature are exergonic.
The useful metal manganese can be extracted from the mineral rhodochrosite by a two-step process. In the first step, manganese(II) carbonate and oxygen react to form manganese(IV) oxide and carbon dioxide:
In the second step, manganese(IV) oxide and aluminum react to form manganese and aluminum oxidide:
Suppose the yield of the first step is
and the yield of the second step is
. Calculate the mass of manganese(II) carbonate required to make
of manganese.
Be sure your answer has a unit symbol, if needed, and is rounded to the correct number of significant digits.
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