In the previous simulations we overlooked a very important component of ecosystems:the soil microbial communities. In the following examples we will see how theircommunity succession changes the entire system. Going from the ecosystems that wepicture in our minds: -forest landscapes and such- to our gut microbiome or even theartificial ecosystems created to produce food like wine or tea, microbes are everywhere.The first example is from: Development of microbial community during primarysuccession in areas degraded by mining activities"During open-cast coal mining, large amounts of spoil material overlying coal layers areexcavated and deposited aboveground. This process leads to land degradation because itdestroys the existing ecosystems or buries them under the deposited spoil material,which is a substrate with very low initial biological activity (Frouz & Nováková, 2005).The type of succession here wouldThe second example is from: Trait-infant gut microbiome✓ [Select]PrimaryQuaternaryTertiarySecondary+nd succession of the"Before a microbe can inhabit the deciose part of theI survive the acidicgastrointestinal tract, it must first bconditions of the stomach and small intestine (i.e., it must disperse). A species will persistin the colon only if it can acquire enough resources to reproduce (i.e., it must becompetitive) or arrive there in high enough numbers to sustain a populationMicrobial colonists may then alter the environment, e.g., by depleting intestinal oxygenor providing opportunities for cross-feeding favoring taxa with differentphenotypes as succession proceeds."PHThe succession in a newborn baby would be [Select]What about the succession in an adult that goes under a regimen of antibiotics to fightstrep throat? [Select]→+The third example is from: Shifts in rhizosphere fungal community during secondarysuccession following abandonment from agriculture"Since the Middle Ages, species-rich, seminatural grasslands, heathlands and even driftssands have developed on this parent material as a consequence of agricultural practices.After the introduction of artificial fertilizers in the beginning of the former century andthrough intensification of agricultural practice, the area covered by species-richgrasslands and heathlands declined dramatically. In order to restore these seminaturalecosystems, agricultural soils have been taken out of production at different moments intime. This has resulted in a chronosequence of fields, in the present study covering 7-30years of land abandonment, which has served as a model system to study therelationship between plant secondary succession and soil abiotic and biotic factors. It isincreasingly acknowledged that soil microbes are strongly involved in plant communitysuccession (Bardgett and van der Putten, 2014). Microbes not only control soil carbonand nutrient cycling affecting plant community performance indirectly (Wardle et al.,2004) but can also have direct effects on plants via mutualistic and pathogenicinteractions (Buee et al., 2009)."The succession going on in this abandoned agricultural fields would be conditions of the stomach and small intestine (i.e., it must disperse). A species will persistin the colon only if it can acquire enough resources to reproduce (i.e., it must becompetitive) or arrive there in high enough numbers to sustain a population.Microbial colonists may then alter the environment, e.g., by depleting intestinal oxygenor providing opportunities for cross-feeding -, favoring taxa with differentphenotypes as succession proceeds."The succession in a newborn baby would be [Select]What about the succession in an adult that goes under a regimen of antibiotics to fightstrep throat? [Select]The third example is from: Shifts in rhizosphere fungal community during secondarysuccession following abandonment from agriculture"Since the Middle Ages, species-rich, seminatural grasslands, heathlands and even driftssands have developed on this parent material as a consequence of agricultural practices.After the introduction of artificial fertilizers in the beginning of the former century andthrough intensification of agricultural practice, the area covered by species-richgrasslands and heathlands declined dramatically. In order to restore these seminaturalecosystems, agricultural soils have been taken out of production at different moments intime. This has resulted in a chronosequence of fields, in the present study covering 7-30years of land abandonment, which has served as a model system to study therelationship between plant secondary succession and soil abiotic and biotic factors. It isincreasingly acknowledged that soil microbes are strongly involved in plant communitysuccession (Bardgett and van der Putten, 2014). Microbes not only control soil carbonand nutrient cycling affecting plant community performance indirectly (Wardle et al.,2004) but can also have direct effects on plants via mutualistic and pathogenicinteractions (Buee et al., 2009)."The succession going on in this abandoned agricultural fields would be:[Select]#The last example is from: Fungal community succession and major components changeduring manufacturing process of Fu brick tea E"Fu brick tea is a unique post-fermented tea product which is fermented withmicroorganism during the manufacturing process. The manufacturing process of Fu bricktea involves steaming, piling, pressing, fermentation (microbial growth) and drying. Acomplex biochemical changes take place during the manufacturing process producing itsspecial flavor and health benefits of Fu brick tea, such as anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-obesity, anti-hyperglycemia, and anti-dysentery activities"The succession that occurs during the fermentation process of Fu tea would be:[Select]No new c

Development of microbial community during primary succession in areas degraded by mining activities.…

Answered: The type of succession here would The…

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...