The tricarboxylate transport system supplies cytosolic acetyl-CoA for palmitate synthesis. What percentage of the NADPH required for palmitate synthesis is thereby provided?

Q: How many reduced molecules (NADH, FADH2, NADPH) will be generated by converting linoleic acid…

A: Fatty acids are carboxylic acids with a hydrocarbon chain ranging from 4 carbon to 36 carbons.…

Q: Fatty acid biosynthesis begins with the condensation of a two-carbon acetyl residue from acetyl-COA…

A: Fatty acid biosynthesis is the creation of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and NADPH through the action…

Q: The reaction catalyzed by G6P dehydrogenase has a large negative ΔG. Given a solution containing…

A: In order to produce 6-phosphogluconolactone from a solution that is rich in fructose 6-phosphate…

Q: After the formation of pyruvic acid it must be converted into Acetyl CoA to enter the Krebs cycle…

A: Cellular respiration involves  breakdown of glucose through a series of catabolic steps in the cell…

Q: In order to break the carbon-carbon bond of Acetyl-CoA in a way that does not harm the cell, citrate…

A: Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway by which 6-carbon glucose is converted into 3-carbon pyruvate in…

Q: List some of the advantages of organizing the enzymes that catalyze the formation of acetyl CoA from…

A: The process of glycolysis occurs to break down glucose into pyruvate and to produce some energy. But…

Q: How many protons are shuttled from the matrix to the intermembrane space by the products of the…

A: Reduced coenzymes NADH and FADH2 retains most of the free energy produced during the process glucose…

Q: Outline the steps involved in the production of malonylCoA from acetyl-CoA.

A: Fatty acids are the long hydrocarbon chain compound attached to the carboxylic group making the…

Q: What are the steps involved (in order) in the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA?

A: Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA:  Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis and acetyl CoA is…

Q: Identify the Krebs cycle enzyme that consumes a 3-carbon substrate molecule, producing a 2- carbon…

A: A sequence of reactions within the living organism during which oxidization of acetic acid or acetyl…

Q: After the transamination, write out the subsequent steps (no mechanisms) to fully oxidize aspartate…

A: Transamination is a chemical process in which an amino group is transferred to a ketoacid, resulting…

Q: Complete the balanced equation for the synthesis of the fatty acid. Acetyl-CoA + y ATP + z NADPH + z…

A: Fatty acid synthesis reaction occurs in the cytoplasm of animal cells. This synthesis reaction…

Q: provide the total ATP of glyceraldehyde, citric acid and succinic acid using the…

A: Glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle (G3P shuttle) enables the cells to transfer the high energy electrons…

Q: How many reduced molecules (NADH, FADH2, NADPH) will be generated by converting lineoleic acid…

A: The fats are stored in eukaryotes as triglycerides that are broken down using the enzyme Lipase to…

Q: Why is pyruvate not oxidized to CO2 and H2O underanaerobic conditions?

A: Cellular respiration occurs in 3 stages namely pyruvate oxidation, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and…

Q: How does oxaloacetate get to the cytoplasm (from mitochondria matrix) for gluconeogenesis?…

A: Gluconeogenesis is the process of the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources. where…

Q: What is the benzoyl-CoA pathway, and how might it participatein the anaerobic degradation of…

A: Toluene is a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon which serves as an important growth substrate for…

Q: Proliferating cells require NADPH for biosynthetic processes. Much of the NADPH is provided by the…

A: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+) is a cofactor, which is used in many anabolic…

Q: The citric acid cycle provides for the net synthesis of oxaloacetate from acetyl coa? What is the…

A: Introduction  The Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle or tricarboxylic acid (TCA)…

Q: How similar of an effect would a mutation in pyruvate dehydrogenase have, compared to a mutation in…

A: In glycolysis, a 6-carbon molecule of glucose-6-phosphate is broken down into 3-carbon pyruvate by…

Q: Mechanistically, how does NADPH facilitate the removal of an oxygen atom from intermediates in fatty…

A: Fatty acid synthesis is the production of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and NADPH through the action…

Q: Behenate (C22H44O2) can be obtained by chain elongation from palmitate. How many ATP equivalents are…

A: Introduction;- Adenosine 5′-triphosphate, abbreviated as ATP and generally written without the 5′-,…

Q: The peroxisomal enzyme b-ketoacyl–CoA-thiolase does notbind medium-chain acyl-CoA, in contrast to…

A: The peroxisomal enzyme beta-ketoacyl CoA thiolase does not bind medium chain acyl CoA in contrast to…

Q: Under conditions where ketone bodies are being produced in the liver, how many ATPs can be produced…

A: The oxidation of fats produces a large number of ATP. The fat oxidation takes place in the…

Q: Given what you know about the involvement of nicotinamide nucleotides in oxidative and reductive…

A: The nicotinamide nucleotides are involved in respiration as the electron donor. It is not only the…

Q: Below are some statements about the TCA Cycle. Which statement is true based on what we have learned…

A: TCA is expanded as Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle. This cycle carries a chain of reactions that is used by…

Q: Glucagon secretion causes inhibition of intracellular acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity by several…

A: Glucagon, a hormone, has the ability to regulate the activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. It is able…

Q: How many ATPs are synthesized for every cytoplasmic NADH reducing equivalent that is transferred…

A: The malate-aspartate shuttle is a biochemical system for translocating electrons produced during…

Q: Fourteen NADPH molecules are required to produce one molecules of palmitic acid from acetyl CoA.…

A: Introduction  Fatty acid synthesis is the process by which fatty acids are produced from acetyl-CoA…

Q: The structure of citrate is shown above with the carbon atoms numbered 1 through 6. If carbon atoms…

A: Krebs cycle is also known as Tricarboxylic acid cycle or Citric acid cycle. It takes place in the…

Q: Can you please pick the right answer in each parentheses (a) to (e)?

A: Answer. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is an assembly of three individual enzymes. It is the…

Q: If the carbonyl carbon of acetyl-CoA were marked with 14C, where would that carbon be located within…

A: Metabolism includes biosynthesis/ reduction (an anabolic process) and oxidation (catabolic…

Q: Which of the following statements is TRUE about cholesterol biosynthesis? NADPH is needed to form…

A: Cholesterol is a type of lipid or sterol. Cholesterol is an important constituent of the plasma…

Q: What three steps are included in the breakdown of pyruvate? Explain the importance of Acetyl Co A as…

A: Animal cells produce ATP by cellular respiration, whereas plant cells produce carbohydrates through…

Q: Malate synthase, an enzyme of the glyoxylate cycle, catalyzes the condensa- tion of glyoxylate with…

A: Cellular respiration is a catabolic pathway of the process of metabolism, where a series of chemical…

Q: How many ATP molecules can be generated from one mol of 14CH3-COOH? (The conversion of acetate to…

A: Acetate is converted into acetyl-CoA that undergoes the Kreb cycle to form molecules like adenosine…

Q: Consider the synthesis of a C15 saturated fatty acid from acetyl-CoAs. Calculate how many NADPH and…

A: For the synthesis of 16-carbon fatty acid (palmitate), 8 acetyl CoA are required. There are total 7…

Metabolic pathways

Metabolism is defined as the group of life-supporting, enzyme-mediated chemical reactions in organisms. A metabolic pathway is a set of these chemical reactions that involve anabolism (synthesis of complex biomolecules) and catabolism (breakdown of biomolecules into small molecules) that occur inside a cell. Metabolites are the reacting substances, products, and intermediate substances of an enzymatic process that are altered by a series of chemical events catalyzed by enzymes.