The torsional assembly shown in Figure P6.45 consists of solid 2.50 in. diameter aluminum [G=4,000 ksi] segments (1) and (3) and a central solid 3.00 in. diameter bronze [G = 6,500 ksi] segment (2). Segment lengths are L1 = L3 = 36 in. and L2 = 54 in. Concentrated torques of TB = 2To and Tc= To are applied to the assembly at B and C, respectively. If the rotation angle at joint B must not exceed 3°, determine: (a) the maximum magnitude of To that may be applied to the assembly. (b) the maximum shear stress magnitude in aluminum segments (1) and (3). (c) the maximum shear stress magnitude in bronze segment (2). z- %3D

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Combined Loading

Any functioning component, such as machine parts, structural members, pressure vessels, and so on, are all under the influence of more than one force. When anybody is under the influence of more than one force such as shear forces, bending moments, axial forces, torsion, and so on, then such body is said to be under combined loading. A very practical example of combined loading is the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine (IC engine). The crankshaft of the IC engine is under high rpm, which is caused due to the torsional forces. Due to the presence of piston, counterbalances, and internal imbalances, the crankshaft experiences lateral forces and due to the rise in temperature, the crankshaft undergoes thermal expansion, which pulls the crankshaft along the axial direction and lateral direction. The presence of unbalanced loads along the periphery of the crankshaft also induces a bending moment.