The tobacco industry takes full advantage of neurochemistry because nicotine is a highly addictive drug that increases dopamine release into the nucleus accumbens. What is the mechanisms by which this occurs? A. There are nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area B. There are nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on presynaptic dopaminergic terminal buttons within the nucleus accumbens C. There are nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on opiate neurons in the ventral tegmental area D. nicotine stimulates dynorphin cells within the nucleus accumbens to increases dopamine release
The tobacco industry takes full advantage of neurochemistry because nicotine is a highly addictive drug that increases dopamine release into the nucleus accumbens. What is the mechanisms by which this occurs?
| A. |
There are nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area |
|
| B. |
There are nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on presynaptic dopaminergic terminal buttons within the nucleus accumbens |
|
| C. |
There are nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on opiate neurons in the ventral tegmental area |
|
| D. |
nicotine stimulates dynorphin cells within the nucleus accumbens to increases dopamine release |
Nicotine is defined as the plant alkaloid found in the tobacco plant. It behaves as an addictive central nervous system stimulant that will cause ganglionic stimulation when taken in low quantities or doses and causes ganglionic blockage when taken in high quantities or doses.
Dopaminergic neurons present in the midbrain are governed by an endogenous cholinergic system and originated in the mesopontine nuclei. Nicotine will hijack nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and then interferes with the cholinergic system's physiological function. Nicotine will now lead to the activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors present in the ventral tegmental area, resulting in the release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens shell. Nicotine will also augment both the glutamate to release, facilitating the dopamine release and γ-aminobutyric acid release, which will inhibit the dopamine release.
Therefore, the correct option is (A), while all the options (B), (C), and (D) are incorrect.
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps
