The text describes three social foundations for deviance. Choose one of these and describe an example that illustrates how deviance is socially constructed in society. Support your answer with at least one example mentioned in the Crash Course video. ty 15th by J... x241 / 65761.2%containment theory.In a more recent study, researchers followed 500nonidentical twin boys from birth until they reached theage of thirty-two. Twins were used so that researcherscould compare each of the twins to his brother control-ling for social class and family environment. Observingthe boys when they were young, parents, teachers, andthe researchers assessed their level of self-control, abilityto withstand frustration, and ability to delay gratification.Echoing the previous conclusions of Reckless and Dinitz,the researchers found that the brother who had lowerThe Social Foundations of DevianceAlthough we tend to view deviance as the free choice orpersonal failings of individuals, all behavior-devianceas well as conformity-is shaped by society. Three socialfoundations of deviance identified here will be detailedlater in this chapter:1. Deviance varies according to cultural norms. Nothought or action is inherently deviant; it becomesdeviant only in relation to particular norms. Becausenorms vary from place to place, deviance also var-ies. State law permits prostitution in rural areas ofNevada, although the practice is outlawed in the restof the United States. As of 2017, medical use of mari-juana is legal in twenty-eight states plus Washington,D.C., and illegal in other states. Just eight states-scores on these measures in childhood almost alwayswent on to get into more trouble, including criminal activ-ity (Moffitt et al., 2011).EVALUATEPsychologists have shown that personality patterns have some con-nection to deviance. Soma serious criminals are psychopaths who donot feel guilt or shame, have no fear of punishment, and have little orno sympathy for the people they harm (Herpertz & Sass, 2000). Moregeneraly. the capacity for self-control and the ability to withstandfrustration do soem to be skills that promote conformity. However, asColorado, Washington, Alaska, Oregon, California,Maine, Massachusetts, and Nevada (plus the District ofColumbia)-allow adults to engage in recreational useof marijuana, a practice that is illegal in other states.Drivers on a new highway in western Texas can legallytravel at 85 miles per hour, a speed that willdraw quick attention from police everywhereelse in the country. Just two states (Utah andHawaii) have no form of legal gambling;forty-eight states do. Forty states have gam-bling casinos, including twenty-eight thatpermit casinos on Indian reservations, andfourteen that permit casinos at racetracks.Text messaging while driving is legal inonly two states (Montana and Arizona) andhas been banned by law in forty-six oth-ers; two other states (Texas and Missouri)forbid the practice for young drivers only.Would vou think that everyone could atleast agree that fresh milk is good for you?Not so fast: Selling raw milk is legal in tenstates and banned or heavily regulated in allthe others (Ozersky, 2010; American GamingAssociation, 2016; National Conference ofWhy is it that street-comer gambling like this is usually against the law but playing thesame games in a fancy casino is not?State Legislatures, 2017)CHAPTER 8 Deviance 213MacBook Pro Soclety 15th by J... x242 / 65761.2%CHFurther, most cities and towns have at least oneunique law. For example, Fort Lee, New Jersey, banstexting while walking: Mobile, Alabama, outlaws thewearing of stiletto-heeled shoes; Pine Lawn, Missouri,bans saggy, "low-rider" pants; in Juneau, Alaska, it isillegal to bring a flamingo into a barbershop; SouthPadre Island, Texas, bans the wearing of neckties; MountProspect, Illinois, has a law against keeping pigeons orbees; Topeka, Kansas, bans snowball fights; Halethorp,Maryland, bans passionate kissing in public; andBeverly Hills, Califomia, regulates the number of tennisballs allowed on the court at one time (Wittenauer, 2007;Belofsky, 2010; Newcomb, 2012; Bielanko. 2013).Durkheim's Basic Insi:In his pioneering study of devi(1964a, orig. 1893; 1964b, orig. 189claim that there is nothing abnorfact, it performs four essential func1. Deviance affirms cultural vmoral creatures, people mustand behaviors to others. But arests on an opposing idea of vicewithout evil and no justice withneeded to define and support m2. Responding to deviance clarifiBy defining some individuals asa boundary between right and vcollege marks the line between:cheating by disciplining students3. Responding to deviance brinPeople typically react to seriousAround the world, deviance is even more diverse.Albania outlaws any public display of religious faith,such as the Catholic practice of "crossing" oneself;Cuba regulates private ownership of personal com-puters and limits access to the internet; Vietnamcan prosecute citizens for meeting with foreigners;Malaysia does not allow women to wear tight-fittingjeans; Saudi Arabia bans the sale of red flowers onValentine's Day; and Iran bans wearing makeup bywomen and forbids anyone from playing rap music(Chopra, 2008; Freedom I House, 2016).2. People become deviant as others define them thatway. Everyone violates cultural norms at one timeor another. Have you ever walked around talking toyourself or "borrowed" a pen from your workplace?Whether such behavior defines us as mentally ill orcriminal depends on how others perceive, define, andrespond to it.3. How societies set norms and how they define rulebreaking both involve social power. The law, declaredKarl Marx, is the means by which powerful peopleprotect their interests. A homeless person who standson a street corner speaking ouf against the governmentrisks arrest for disturbing the peace; a mavoral candi-date during an election campaign whe does exactlythe same thing gets police protection. In short, normsand how we apply them reflect social inequality.BLACKLIVESMATTERStructural-FunctionalMacBook Pro

Deviance means any behaviour of an individual or physical appearance that is socially challenged and…

Answered: The text describes three social…

Social Psychology (10th Edition)

10th Edition

ISBN:9780134641287

Author:Elliot Aronson, Timothy D. Wilson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers

Publisher:Elliot Aronson, Timothy D. Wilson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers

Chapter1: Introducing Social Psychology

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ1

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The text describes three social foundations for deviance. Choose one of these and describe an example that illustrates how deviance is socially constructed in society. Support your answer with at least one example mentioned in the Crash Course video.