The table below shows monthly data collected on production costs and on the number o units produced over a twelve month period. Level of Activity (Units Produced) Month Total Production Costs July $230,000 3,500 August 250,000 3,750 September 260,000 3,800 October 220,000 3,400 November 340,000 5,800 December 330,000 5,500 January 200,000 2,900 February 210,000 3,300 March 240,000 3,600 April 380,000 5,900 Мay 350,000 5,600 June 290,000 5,000
Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis
Cost Volume Profit (CVP) analysis is a cost accounting method that analyses the effect of fluctuating cost and volume on the operating profit. Also known as break-even analysis, CVP determines the break-even point for varying volumes of sales and cost structures. This information helps the managers make economic decisions on a short-term basis. CVP analysis is based on many assumptions. Sales price, variable costs, and fixed costs per unit are assumed to be constant. The analysis also assumes that all units produced are sold and costs get impacted due to changes in activities. All costs incurred by the company like administrative, manufacturing, and selling costs are identified as either fixed or variable.
Marginal Costing
Marginal cost is defined as the change in the total cost which takes place when one additional unit of a product is manufactured. The marginal cost is influenced only by the variations which generally occur in the variable costs because the fixed costs remain the same irrespective of the output produced. The concept of marginal cost is used for product pricing when the customers want the lowest possible price for a certain number of orders. There is no accounting entry for marginal cost and it is only used by the management for taking effective decisions.
1. Prepare the scatter diagram, clearly showing any outliers.
2. Using the line of best-fit, determine the company’s fixed cost per month and the variable cost per unit.(Use 0 & 5,000 units.)
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