"The structure of the heart allows it to serve as two distinct pumps. One side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs while the other side propels oxygenated blood throughout the body. The heart is unique in other ways as well. For example, it consists of muscle found nowhere else in the body. What's more, cardiac cells can generate and ransmit electrical impulses spontaneously. Learn more about the characteristics of this vital organ by completing the activities in this chapter. Conceptualize in Color Heart Layers Tet your knowledge of the layers of the heart's wall and the pericardium by coloring the figure as suggested. Endocardium: Light pink • Serous pericardium: Light blue • Place green Xs in the pericardial space. • Draw a bracket linking the layers that make up the serous pericardium. Myocardium: Dark pink Fibrous pericardium: Orange
Histology
Histology is the microanatomy method and a branch of biology that studies the anatomy of tissues. It includes viewing tissue in a magnified view under the microscope. Microanatomy also includes the process of study of organs called organology and the study of cells called cytology. Histopathology is a branch of biology that includes microscopic identification of diseased tissue. The field of histology comprises the preparation of the tissues and collection of cells as specimens for examination under the microscope. These processes are done by technicians like histologists, histotechnicians, and biomedical scientists. Histopathology is the diagnosis and research of tissue diseases that require the examination of tissues and/or cells under a microscope. Histopathologists are in charge of determining tissue diagnosis and assisting clinicians in managing a patient's care.
Endocrine System
Human body functions due to the collective work of the organ systems. One of them is the endocrine system. It is a chemical messenger system constituting the hormones directly released by the endocrine glands into the circulatory system. The study of this system is known as endocrinology. The word 'endon' means inside, and 'crine' means secrete, making the word "endocrine."
Human Heart -- Introduction -- Human heart is very important muscular organ functions to sustaining life .
Location of Heart --Human heart is located between the lungs in thoracic cavity , slightly towards the left of sternum .
Structure of Heart -- Internal and External Structure of Human Heart External Structure of Human Heart --The heart when observed from out side first structure is pericardium .
Pericardium -- Heart is enclosed with in a fluid filled cavity described as the pericardial cavity .The walls and lining of pericardial cavity are made up of a membrane known as pericardium .
Pericardium is fibrous membrane found as an external covering around the heart .Pericardium has two layers -
1 - Visceral Layers -- It directly covers the out side of the heart .
2 - Parietal Layer -- Forma sac around the outer region of the heart which contains fluid in pericardial cavity .
Structure of Wall of Heart -- Wall of the heart is made up of three layers which are as follows -
1 - Epicardium -- Outer most layer of the heart ,composed of a thin layered membrane which serves to lubricate and protect the outer section .
2 - Myocardium -- A layer of muscle tissue and constitutes the middle layer of the heart .It contributes the thickness of heart walls and responsible for pumping action .
3 - Endocardium -- Inner most layer which lines the inner heart chambers and covers the heart valves .It prevents the blood from sticking to the inner walls by preventing potentially fatal blood clots .
Function of Pericardium --It protects the heart by producing a serous fluid , which serves to lubricate the heart and prevent friction between the surrounding organs .
It also help by holding the heart in its position and by maintaining a hollow space for the heart to expand when it is filled with blood .
Internal Structures of Human heart -- It is about size of the fist and has four chambers .
Chambers are -- four
Ventricles two in number
Atria two in number .
Atria -- Thin , less muscular wall smaller than ventricles .
Ventricles -- These are larger than atria more muscular chambers responsible for pumping and pushing blood to lungs and other body parts .
The rt. atrium and rt. ventricle are comparatively smaller than the left chambers . Walls consists of few muscles compared to left portion , and size difference is based on their function .
Ventricles are chamber which pump blood and atrium are the chambers which receive blood .
Rt side of the heart is formed by rt. atrium and rt ventricle and lt. side of the heart is formed by lt. atrium and lt. ventricle .
Rt. and lt. region of heart are separated by a wall of muscle called septum .Rt. ventricle pumps the blood to lungs for re - oxygenation through pulmonary arteries .
Valves --Flap of fibrous tissues located in the cardiac chambers which ensure the flow of blood in one direction .On the basis of function of valves ,two types --
Atrioventricular Valves -- Between rt . ventricle and rt. atrium is tricuspid valve . One between lt. ventricle and left atrium is called as mitral valve or bicuspid valve .
Semilunar Valves -- Located between left ventricle and aorta and also found between pulmonary artery and right ventricle .
Rt. semilunar valves close and prevent the blood from following back in to the heart . The oxygenated blood is received by the left atrium from the lungs via pulmonary veins.
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