The starting point of the runway of length 1400 m has the reduced level 50 m. The variation of gradient along the length is shown in the table below. Assume that the elevation and temperature corrections are already applied. Length (m) 0-300 300-450 450-700 700-1000 1000-1400 Gradient +1% +2% -1% +2,5% -2% The effective gradient of the runway is 0.786% Correct Option B The effective gradient of the runway is 0.624% Correction for gradient is 1620.08 m. Correction for gradient is 220.08 m. Correct Option

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Surveys of public lands

A survey is a method used to determine the relative positions of various objects on the land by measuring the horizontal distances between them. Briefly, a survey is a process of accumulation of data of various details related to land. The main objective of surveying land is to prepare maps to a suitable scale. Various types of maps such as topographical maps, cadastral maps, engineering maps, military maps, contour maps, geological maps, archaeological maps, and so on can be prepared by surveying.