Question #5 **The Standard Deviation in Pressure Variability: An Educational Guide**The standard deviation in the pressure required to open a certain valve is known to be σ = 1.1 psi. Due to changes in the manufacturing process, the quality-control manager feels that the pressure variability has increased.**Tasks:**(a) State the null and alternative hypotheses in words.(b) State the null and alternative hypotheses symbolically.(c) Explain what it would mean to make a Type I error.(d) Explain what it would mean to make a Type II error.---**(a) State the null hypothesis in words. Choose the correct answer below.**- **A.** The standard deviation in the pressure required to open a certain valve is greater than 1.1 psi.- **B.** The standard deviation in the pressure required to open a certain valve is different from 1.1 psi.- **C.** The standard deviation in the pressure required to open any valve is 1.1 psi.- **D.** The standard deviation in the pressure required to open a certain valve is 1.1 psi.---This educational guide seeks to assist in understanding the process of hypothesis testing related to the variability in pressure required to open valves, a common quality-control task in manufacturing processes.

Solution: Note: Hello! As you have posted more than 3 sub parts, we are answering the first 3 sub-parts. In case you required unanswered sub parts also, kindly re-post those parts separately.5. From the given information, the standard deviation in the pressure required to open a certain value is 1.1 psi. The given claim is that the pressure variability has increased. a. State the hypotheses. Null hypothesis: H0: The standard deviation in the pressure required to open a certain valve is 1.1 psi. Thus, the correct option is D. Alternative hypothesis: H1: The standard deviation in the pressure required to open a certain valve is greater than 1.1 psi.b. State the hypotheses. Null hypothesis: H0: σ = 1.1 Alternative hypothesis: H1: σ > 1.1c. Type I error: Reject the null hypothesis even though it is true. It is concluded that the standard deviation in the pressure required to open a certain valve is greater than 1.1 psi even though it is equal to 1.1 psi.