The soil below is a dense well-graded clayey sand with Ya = 112 pcf and G₁ = 2.63, a permeability k = 240 mm/min at a voids ratio of e = 0.85; the cross-sectional area of the tank is 36 ft. Find (a) the seepage rate q in ft³/min., and (b) the direction of the flow.

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Field applications of hydraulic conductivity

Hydraulic conductivity is one of the hydraulic properties of soil defined as a measurement of the ability of a porous medium to permit water movement or fluid flow through it. It is denoted by the letter K. It is influenced by the density and viscosity of the fluid. It is also called permeability. Hydraulic conductivity is defined as the ratio of velocity to the hydraulic gradient. The different methods used to determine the hydraulic conductivity are laboratory methods (constant head permeability tests and falling head tests), in-situ field methods (pumping in and pumping out tests), small scale field tests (infiltration tests and slug tests), and indirect methods such as estimation from grain size, consolidation test data, and horizontal capillary test. The pedotransfer function (PTF) method is a specific empirical estimating approach employed in the soil sciences is also used to determine the hydraulic conductivity of the soil.