The scientists in this study attempted to simulate the conditions created from meteorites impacting Earth. In order to do so, they had to implement proper experimental design.A. Scientific experiments strive to be accurate. Accuracy refers to results that are correct. How can accuracy be achieved?B. Scientific experiments also strive to be reliable. Reliability refers to an experiment that can be duplicated over and over again with the same results. Give an example of how reliability can be achieved. Apr. 4, 2013 – Researchers at the University of Leeds may have solved a keypuzzle about how objects from space could have kindled life on Earth.While it is generally accepted that some important ingredients for life came frommeteorites bombarding the early Earth, scientists have not been able to explainhow that inanimate rock transformed into the building blocks of life.This new study shows how a chemical, similar to one now found in all living cellsand vital for generating the energy that makes something alive, could have beencreated when meteorites containing phosphorus minerals landed in hot, acidicpools of liquids around volcanoes, which were likely to have been commonacross the early Earth."The mystery of how living organisms sprung out of lifeless rock has long puzzledscientists, but we think that the unusual phosphorus chemicals we found couldbe a precursor to the batteries that now power all life on Earth. But the fact thatit developed simply, in conditions similar to the early Earth, suggests this couldbe the missing link between geology and biology," said Dr Terry Kee, from theUniversity's School of Chemistry, who led the research.All life on Earth is powered by a process called chemiosmosis, where thechemical adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the rechargeable chemical 'battery' forlife, is both broken down and re-formed during respiration to release energyused to drive the reactions of life, or metabolism. The complex enzymes requiredfor both the creation and break down of ATP are unlikely to have existed on Earthduring the period when life first developed. This led scientists to look for a morebasic chemical with similar properties to ATP, but that does not require enzymesto transfer energy.Phosphorus is the key element in ATP, and other fundamental building blocks oflife like DNA, but the form it commonly takes on Earth, phosphorus (V), is largelyinsoluble in water and has a low chemical reactivity. The early Earth, however,was regularly bombarded by meteorites and interstellar dust rich in exoticminerals, including the far more reactive form of phosphorus, theiron-nickel-phosphorus mineral schreibersite.The scientists simulated the impact of such a meteorite with the hot,volcanically-active, early Earth by placing samples of the Sikhote-Alin meteorite,an iron meteorite which fell in Siberia in 1947, in acid taken from the Hveradalurgeothermal area in Iceland. The rock was left to react with the acidic fluid in testtubes incubated by the surrounding hot spring for four days, followed by afurther 30 days at room temperature.In their analysis of the resulting solution the scientists found the compoundpyrophosphite, a molecular 'cousin' of pyrophosphate -- the part of ATPresponsible for energy transfer. The scientists believe this compound could haverne of ATD in whotnou houo dubbodl'ol

Scientific experiments are systematic processes designed to validate the hypothesis. Experiments…

Answered: The scientists in this study attempted…

Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)

9th Edition

ISBN:9780134746241

Author:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa

Publisher:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa

Chapter1: The Study Of Minerals

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1LR

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The scientists in this study attempted to simulate the conditions created from meteorites impacting Earth. In order to do so, they had to implement proper experimental design. A. Scientific experiments strive to be accurate. Accuracy refers to results that are correct. How can accuracy be achieved? B. Scientific experiments also strive to be reliable. Reliability refers to an experiment that can be duplicated over and over again with the same results. Give an example of how reliability can be achieved.