The resting membrane potential of a neuron or muscle cell is a. equal to the potassium equilibrium potential. b. equal to the sodium equilibrium potential. c. somewhat less negative than the potassium equilibrium potential. d. somewhat more positive than the sodium equilibrium potential. e. not changed by stimulation.

The resting membrane potential of a neuron or muscle cell is a. equal to the potassium equilibrium potential. b. equal to the sodium equilibrium potential. c. somewhat less negative than the potassium equilibrium potential. d. somewhat more positive than the sodium equilibrium potential. e. not changed by stimulation.

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter3: The Plasma Membrane And Membrane Potential

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 4TAHL

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Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.

Question

The resting membrane potential of a neuron or muscle cell is a. equal to the potassium equilibrium potential.
b. equal to the sodium equilibrium potential.
c. somewhat less negative than the potassium equilibrium potential.
d. somewhat more positive than the sodium equilibrium potential.
e. not changed by stimulation.

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Conformational changes in channel proteins brought about by voltage changes are responsible for opening and closing Na+ and K+ gates during the generation of an action potential. (True or false?)
The resting membrane potential results fromA. uneven distribution of ions across the cell membrane only.B. differences in membrane permeability to Na+ and K+ onlyC. activity of the sodium/potassium pump only.D. uneven distribution of ions across the cell membrane, differences in membrane permeability to Na+ and K+, and sodium/potassium pump activity
Which of the following statements is TRUE of the action potential? A. At the peak of the action potential there are approximately an equal amount of open voltage gated sodium and potassium channels B. To reach threshold the action potential requires the activity of sodium potassium pump C. During the rising phase (prior to the peak) of the action potential more voltage gated sodium channels are open than voltage gated potassium channels D. None of the choice options are TRUE of the action potential E. The overshoot phase (below resting membrane potential) is a result of voltage gated sodium channels taking a long time to close.
Determine whether each statement is true or false. If a statement is false, explain why. A. Voltage gated sodium channels are quick to open and slow to close, while voltage gated potassium channels are quick to open and slow to close. 6. Before a second action potential can be generated, the concentration of sodium and potassium on either side of the cell membrane must be fully restored. C. The strength of an action potential is represented by the amplitude of the wave. A stronger stimulus will generate an action potential with a higher peak than a weaker stimulus. D.. Action potentials travel in a non-decremental manner down the axon, with the voltage constantly being regenerated along the way, unlike graded potentials which quickly diminish over short distances. E. Contiguous conduction is faster than saltatory conduction. F. Action potentials originate in the axon hillock and travel down the axon to the terminal boutons (pre-synaptic axon terminals).
Which of the following is TRUE regarding the absolute and relative refractory periods of the action potential (AP)? A. The absolute refractory period may be overcome if enough excitatory stimulation is applied to the neuronal membrane. B. The absolute refractory period is due the closing of the activation gate of voltage gated sodium channels at the peak of the AP. C. The relative refractory period is due to the closing of the activation gate of voltage gated potassium channels during the overshoot phase of the AP. D. The relative refractory period is due the closing of the inactivation gate of voltage gated sodium channels . E. All of the above statements are FALSE.
Which of the following primarily reflects the opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels? A. The resting membrane potential B. The depolarization phase of the action potential C. The threshold potential D. The repolarization phase of the action potential E. All of the above
Threshold potential is O a. typically 10 mV to 20 mV depolarized from ("higher than") resting potential. b. the membrane potential at which a graded potential is converted to an action potential. c. both of these. d. neither of these.
Post synaptic neurons membrane potentials are less negative than resting membrane potentials when this occur A. Creates a new set point for the resting membrane potential B. Has a lower propensity to produce an action potential C. Reacts by generating action potential D. Higher chance of reaching the potential threshold
The equilibrium potential for K* in neurons is ordinarily nearest- A. the equilibrium potential for Na* B. resting potential C. reversal potential for the EPSP D. the peak of the action potential
List the membrane potential value that would coincide with the following events: a. Resting membrane potential b. Graded potentials c. Threshold for action potentials d. Opening of Potassium Channels/Closing of sodium channels during action potential.
The action potential is split into 4 parts (A-D). For each part, 1. Describe what stimulated the channel responsible for this part, 2. what is the likely ion that is moving and 3. explain which direction the ion had to move to create the measured membrane potential. +40 B D membrane potential (mV) -40 -60 A { 2 time (ms)
Action potentials are normally initiated at the axon hillock because a. there is a particularly high density of voltage-gated sodium channels there. b. threshold potential is lower there than at other sites along the plasma membrane. c. activation of sodium channels at the axon hillock results in a particularly strong inward current and consequent depolarization. d. all of these. e. none of these.