The procedure of methylation of amines and thermal decomposition of quaternary ammonium hydroxides was first reported by Hofmann in 1851, but its value as a means of structure determination was not appreciated until 1881, when he published a report of its use to determine the structure of piperidine. Following are the results obtained by Hofmann. 1. CHI (excess), К,СО, 2. Ag,O, H,O 3. heat 4. CH3I (excess), K,CO3 5. Ag.O, H,О 6. heat C5H1|N C;H15N CH2=CHCH,CH=CH2 Piperidine (A) 1,4-Pentadiene
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are the organic compounds that are obtained in foods and living matters in the shape of sugars, cellulose, and starch. The general formula of carbohydrates is Cn(H2O)2. The ratio of H and O present in carbohydrates is identical to water.
Starch
Starch is a polysaccharide carbohydrate that belongs to the category of polysaccharide carbohydrates.
Mutarotation
The rotation of a particular structure of the chiral compound because of the epimerization is called mutarotation. It is the repercussion of the ring chain tautomerism. In terms of glucose, this can be defined as the modification in the equilibrium of the α- and β- glucose anomers upon its dissolution in the solvent water. This process is usually seen in the chemistry of carbohydrates.
L Sugar
A chemical compound that is represented with a molecular formula C6H12O6 is called L-(-) sugar. At the carbon’s 5th position, the hydroxyl group is placed to the compound’s left and therefore the sugar is represented as L(-)-sugar. It is capable of rotating the polarized light’s plane in the direction anticlockwise. L isomers are one of the 2 isomers formed by the configurational stereochemistry of the carbohydrates.
Propose two additional structural formulas (excluding stereoisomers) for C5H11N that are also consistent with the results obtained by Hofmann.
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