The present value of an annuity of “P” pesos payable annually for 8 years, with the first payment at the end of 10 years, is P187,481.25. Find the value of “P” if money is worth 5%

The cost of transportation of materials has to be allowed for in the estimate, but this item is not usually measured or even referenced in the takeoff. List six other similar items.

A quantity has a doubling time of 110 years. Estimate the annual percent increase in the quantity.

Calculate the cost per cubic yard to place concrete using each of the alternatives described. The work in both cases consists of placing 140 cubic yards of concrete in footings. a. Using a crane and bucket at a price of $225 per hour, including an operator, with a crew consisting of 6 laborers, a cement finisher, and a foreman. The concrete will be placed in 7 hours using this setup, and transportation of the crane costs $390. b. Using a concrete pump at a price of $295 per hour, including an operator and a crew consisting of 5 laborers, a cement finisher, and a foreman. With this setup, concrete is placed in 6 hours and transportation of the pump costs $290.