The Pipidae are a family of tongueless frogs that have one or more claws on their toes. While observing these frogs, you notice that males with more claws had more opportunities to mate and father more offspring. You hypothesize that these frogs evolved to have more claws as an adaptive trait to improve reproductive success. To test this hypothesis, you must: 1.look for evidence of multiple claws in ancestors of Pipidae 2.determine if the number of claws is heritable 3.test whether other these males have any other adaptive traits 4.test whether males with no claws are able to mate

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Pre-Darwinian Concepts