The patient went to the clinic with complaints of dizziness, shortness of breath, palpitations and pain in the limbs, which sharply worsened after a short rest in the mountains. A reduced number of red blood cells were found in the patient's blood, as well as immature crescent-shaped cells and red blood cells. What are the causes of this pathology? Why did the discase worsen in conditions of low partial pressure of oxygen?
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- 7. The PCT can be identified in histological section by the presence of: A. acidophilic cytoplasm of the lining cuboidal cells B. basophilic cytoplasm of the lining cuboidal cells C. pale staining cytoplasm D. a large lumen8. Compare the job of the abnormal hemoglobin protein that causes sickle cell disease to the normal hemoglobin protein. Explain how this causes sickle cell disease.1. Compare a veins with an artery as to : a. the thickness of tunics/ layers in the wall b. size of diameter of lumen b. fibers present 2. Explain how endoreduplication/ endomitosis take place. 3. Identify the peculiarity in the maturation and development of megakaryocytic cells from the other cell series (erythrocytic, granulocytic, lymphocytic). 4. Describe the morphology of a mature platelet, life span, kinetics, normal/reference values. 5. Differentiate the 4 zones in a mature platelet by explaining the function of each.
- 1. Under the microscope is a slide of healthy blood (left) compared with that from an inherited anemic condition (right)| What do you notice about the red blood cells in the center and right-hand slides? Describe what you see What is this condition? What different variants are there of it? What can you tell me about the patient this may have come from?12. During inflammation, basophils release an anticoagulant called __________ and a vasodilator called __________. 3. The most common type of leukocyte (white blood cell) in humans is the neutrophil. Which statement is NOT true about neutrophils? a) neutrophils are granulocytes, cells with cytoplasmic granules that stain specifically b) neutrophils have a nucleus with multiple connected lobes c) neutrophils have a typical set of organelles (rough er, Golgi, etc.) d) neutrophils have multiple nuclei e) all are true
- | 14. The biocd fows and gas achange within the heart, circulatory system and lungs. Which of the following illustrate the iowof blood to the heart? A. deoxygenated blood oxygenated biood B. deoxygenaied blood lungs C. deoxygenated blood lungs D. deoxygeraed blood lungs 15. What is this diseaseihat stimuatos the increased secretion of mucus due to an irritant reaching the hionchi and bronchioes? - Verna cava right ventricle lungs ight atrium * ieft ventricle lef atrium aorta LAN pright ventricle ieft atrium right atrium aorta vena cava + Cxygenated bood left ventricle eft ventricle. right atrium vena cava -Oxygenated lood right ventricle left atrium aorta ieft ventricle left atrium aru vena cava oxygenatedblood right ventricle → right atrium aorta C. Emphysema D. Pneumonia A. Asthma B. Bronchitis 16. What are the commn symptons of Covid-19? A. Fast heartbeat and sieatinrg B. Fever, dry cough, anctiredness C. Aching sensalion of neck and jaw D. Weight Inss chest pan, and coghing up…1.These permit easier movement of cells between tissues and blood.A. sinusoid capillariesB. continuous capillariesC. fenestrated capillariesD. metarterioles2. The white pulp of spleen _____.A. produce blood cellsB. store plateletsC. destroy blood borne pathogensD. remove defective blood cells 3. Which of the following is TRUE?A. Tonsillitis of viral origin usually resolves on its own.B. Pharyngeal tonsillitis are pairedC. Tonsillitis are caused by viruses onlyD. Lingual tonsils are commonly removed in tonsillectomy 4. What will take over the functions of spleen if spleen is removed?A. thymus and liverB. red bone marrow and thymusC. lymph nodes and thymusD. red bone marrow and liver 5. Tissues that lack lymphatic capillaries include ______.A. Red bone marrow B. thymus C. lymph gland D. all of the above 6. Which of the following describes an artery?A. round and larger lumenB. without valveC. lumen is large when blood is flowingD. with valve4. own words, completely originalWhat functions does necrosis serve in the pathophysiology of various diseases?
- 4. Under the microscope is a slide of healthy blood (left) compared with that from an inherited anemic condition (right) What do you notice about the red blood cells in the right-hand slides? Describe what you see What condition is this and what is the prognosis for it?6. 6. What leukocyte is increased in allergic reactions? 7. 7. As the cell matures, the cell diameter decreases, except 8. 8. Refers to the division of chromosomes without complete nuclear division nor cell division. 9. 9. Phase of hematopoiesis where synthesis of fetal hemoglobin begins. 10. The BFU-E and CFU-E are uncommitted?) 11. The stage in the granulocytic series where secondary granules start to 10. progenitors. (committed or 11. appear. 12. The last stage in the erythrocytic series to undergo mitosis. 12.3. What are manual errors that could falsely distort the morphology of a red cell? Explain. 4. What are the manual errors that could alter the morphology of white blood cells? Explain