The Ministry of Health Malaysia is interested in the post-shot side effects of a particular Covid-19 vaccine on teenagers. The manufacturer of a particular vaccine claims that 50% of the second dose recipients would develop mild side effects than others. The Covid-19 working group performed a hypothesis test to determine if the claimed percentage by the vaccine manufacturer is trustworthy. They sampled 100 teenage vaccine recipients and found that 53 of the recipients had mild side effects after their second dose of Covid-19 vaccine administration. A 5% level of significance was chosen for the hypothesis test. i. he null and alternative hypothesis. S. ii. State the Type I . "vpe II error iii. Is Type I err pe Il erro. re important to the ministry of health? Why? iv ulustrate the level of significance and the tical value in a graph. v. Provide your conclusion. Illustrate the evidence to support your conclusion using a graph.
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- The drug Prevnar is a vaccine meant to prevent bacterial meningitis. A randomized, double-blind clinical trial was conducted. A total of 551 people were surveyed. Where the subjects in Group 1 received Prevnar and the subjects in Group 2 received a control vaccine. 137 of 452 subjects in Group 1 and 31 of 99 subjects in Group 2 experienced drowsiness as a side effect. Can you conclude that there is a significant difference in the proportion of people in group 1 and group 2 experienced drowsiness as a side affect at the 1% significance level?The Ministry of Health Malaysia is interested in the post-shot side effects of a particular Covid-19 vaccine on teenagers. The manufacturer of a particular vaccine claims that 50% of the second dose recipients would develop mild side effects than others. The Covid-19 working group performed a hypothesis test to determine if the claimed percentage by the vaccine manufacturer is trustworthy. They sampled 100 teenage vaccine recipients and found that 53 of the recipients had mild side effects after their second dose of Covid-19 vaccine administration. A 5% level of significance was chosen for the hypothesis test. iv. Illustrate the level of significance and the critical value in a graph.The Ministry of Health Malaysia is interested in the post-shot side effects of a particular Covid-19 vaccine on teenagers. The manufacturer of a particular vaccine claims that 50% of the second dose recipients would develop mild side effects than others. The Covid-19 working group performed a hypothesis test to determine if the claimed percentage by the vaccine manufacturer is trustworthy. They sampled 100 teenage vaccine recipients and found that 53 of the recipients had mild side effects after their second dose of Covid-19 vaccine administration. A 5% level of significance was chosen for the hypothesis test. i. State the null and alternative hypothesis. ii. State the Type I and Type II errors. iii. Is Type I error or Type II error more important to the ministry of health? Why?
- In a recent study; it was found that 62 percent of college students drink heavily and drive. Assuming all conditions are met, a police chief wanting to enact an emergency protocol for DWI/DUI wants to know if the claim is accurate. He took a sample of 70 college students who drank and drove and found that 46 of those students had a high blood alcohol level. Can we claim that more than 62 percent of all college students drink heavily and drive?In Hong Kong, some employers claim that they are willing to offer betterstarting salaries for those university graduates with a higher GPA. A study on Hong Kong university students was carried out. A simple random sample of 96 students who were admitted to Hong Kong universities between 2010 and 2013 was selected. Final cumulative GPA and starting salary (monthly salary in Hong Kong Dollars) of each participant were collected. A scatterplot of the two variables (gpa = final cumulative GPA; salary = starting salary) is shown below.A study was undertaken to investigate the effectiveness of an aquarobic exercise program for patients with osteoarthritis. A convenience sample of 70 individuals with arthritis was selected, and each person was randomly assigned to one of two groups. The first group participated in a weekly aquarobic exercise program for 8 weeks; the second group served as a control. Several pieces of data were collected from the individuals, including their total cholesterol (mg). Determine if there is a significant difference in the mean cholesterol for the two groups (aquarobic & control) at the start of the study using a significance level of 0.01. Difference Sample Diff. Std. Error df Aquarobic - Control -13.9045 6.8214 67.8635 What hypotheses should be tested? Make sure to select the hypotheses which are written with notation consistent with the type of samples selected. Ho:μd=0Ho:μd=0Ha:μd>0Ha:μd>0 Ho:μd=0Ho:μd=0Ha:μd<0Ha:μd<0 Ho:μ1=μ2Ho:μ1=μ2Ha:μ1<μ2Ha:μ1<μ2…
- A study was undertaken to investigate the effectiveness of an aquarobic exercise program for patients with osteoarthritis. A convenience sample of 70 individuals with arthritis was selected, and each person was randomly assigned to one of two groups. The first group participated in a weekly aquarobic exercise program for 8 weeks; the second group served as a control. Several pieces of data were collected from the individuals, including their total cholesterol (mg). Determine if there is a significant difference in the mean cholesterol for the two groups (aquarobic & control) at the start of the study using a significance level of 0.10. Difference Sample Diff. Std. Error df Aquarobic - Control 2.698 7.3227 65.6844 • What hypotheses should be tested? Make sure to select the hypotheses which are written with notation consistent with the type of samples selected. H.: µd = l2 H.: µ1 = µ2 H.:µd H.: Hd > 0 Ha: H1 # H2 Ha:µ1 > µ2 Ha:Hd < 0 Ha:H1 < µs Ha: Hd # 0 = 0 H,:µ1 0 H.: µ1 = µ2 H.: µd •…A study was undertaken to investigate the effectiveness of an aquarobic exercise program for patients with osteoarthritis. A convenience sample of 70 individuals with arthritis was selected, and each person was randomly assigned to one of two groups. The first group participated in a weekly aquarobic exercise program for 8 weeks; the second group served as a control. Several pieces of data were collected from the individuals, including their total cholesterol (mg). Determine if there is a significant difference in the mean cholesterol for the two groups (aquarobic & control) at the start of the study using a significance level of 0.01. Difference Sample Diff. Std. Error df Aquarobic - Control 4.8006 8.4711 59.5847 What hypotheses should be tested? Make sure to select the hypotheses which are written with notation consistent with the type of samples selected. Ho:μ1=μ2Ho:μ1=μ2Ha:μ1>μ2Ha:μ1>μ2 Ho:μd=0Ho:μd=0Ha:μd>0Ha:μd>0 Ho:μd=0Ho:μd=0Ha:μd≠0Ha:μd≠0…A case-control study is planned to investigate whether bottle-fed infants are at increased risk of death from acute respiratory infections compared breast-fed infants. The mothers of a group of cases (infants' deaths, with an underlying respiratory cause named on the death certificate) will be interviewed about the breast-feeding status of the child prior to the illness leading to death. The results will be compared to with those obtained from mothers of a group of healthy controls regarding the current breast-feeding status of their infants. It is expected that about 40% of controls will be bottle-fed, and we would like to detect a difference if bottle-feeding was associated with a two-fold increase of death (OR-2). A. How many cases and controls need to be studied to give a 90% power of achieving 5% significance level. Copy and paste/print the answer from the software. B. Repeat part (A) if the OR was three-fold increase. What do you notice about the sample size needed? Explain
- The inflammation caused by osteoarthritis of the knee can be very painful and can inhibit movement. Leech saliva contains anti-inflammatory substances. To study the therapeutic effect of attaching four to six leeches to the knee for about 70 minutes, 51 volunteers were randomly assigned to receive either the leech treatment or a topical gel, diclofenac. This summary table gives the results of a pretreatment measure of the amount of pain reported by the two groups, before beginning therapy. A higher score means more pain. The researchers hoped that the randomization would result in two comparable groups with respect to this variable. You may assume that the pain scores are approximately normal for each group. Leech (Group 1): x⎯⎯⎯x¯ = 52.4, ss = 13.9, nn = 24Topical gel (Group 2): x⎯⎯⎯x¯ = 52, ss = 16.6, nn = 27 Unless otherwise stated, give your answers to three decimal places. Construct a 99% confidence interval for the difference in average pain score. Give your answers to two…A researcher was interested in how the effects of stress were different in people with our without military training. A equal number of participants were recruited that either had no military experience or had completed military experience. All participants were asked to give a speech without preparation while being judged by a panel of experts. Their heart rates were monitored during the speech and an average heart rate was calcuated for each participant. Which statistical test would be best to determine if there is a significant difference between groups? one-sample t-test dependent samples t-test independent samples t-test ANOVAIn a study of 301 Hispanic women living in San Antonia, Texas, one variable of interest was the percentage of subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFG). IFG refers to a metabolic stage intermediate between normal glucose homeostasis and diabetes. In the study, 24 women were classified in the IFG stage. The article cites population estimates for IFG among Hispanic women in Texas as 6.3%. Is there sufficient evidence to indicate the population of Hispanic women in San Antonio has a prevalence of IFG higher than 6.3%? Use 95% confidence level and the p -value method to form your conclusion. Answer the problem in a complete sentence.