The mean distance between the Earth and the Sun is 1.50 x 10 m. The average intensity of solar radiation incident on the upper atmosphere of the Earth is 1390 W/m. Assuming that the Sun cmits radiation uniformly in all directions, determine the total power radiated by the Sun.
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- An earth-orbiting satellite has solar energy–collecting panels with a total area of 4.0 m2 . If the sun’s radiation is perpendicular to the panels and is completely absorbed, find the average solar power absorbed and the average radiation-pressure forceSolar radiation reaches Earth at a rate of about 1,400 W/m2. If all this energy were absorbed, what would be the average force exerted by radiation pressure on a square meter oriented at right angles to the sunlight?(b) The earth has a radius of R = 6.4 x 106 m. It orbits the sun in a nearly circular orbit at an average distance of r = 1.5x 10¹1 m. The solar intensity at the upper atmosphere is 1367 W/m². How much energy does the sun radiate per second?
- Problem: Radiation Related The energy flux associated with solar radiation incident on the outer surface of the earth's atmosphere has been accurately measured and is known to be 1,368 W/m^2. The diameters of the sun and earth are 1.39 X 10^9 and 1.27 x 10^7 m, respectively, and the distance between the sun and the earth is 1.5 × 10^11 m. (a) What is the emissive power of the sun? (b) Approximating the sun's surface as black, what is its temperature? (c) At what wavelength is the spectral emissive power of the sun a maximum? (d) Assuming the earth's surface to be black and the sun to be the only source of energy for the earth, estimate the earth's surface temperature.Two very large parallel plates are maintained at uniform temperatures T1=800Kand T2=500 K and have emissivities e= 0.2 and e=0.7, respectively,as shown in Figure. Determine the net rate of radiation heat transfer between the two surfaces per unit surface area of the plates.Emergency responders for radioactive material incidents normally use the inverse square law of radiation to estimate the separation distance from the radioactive source. If a source has an intensity of 3.125 R/min at one foot from the source, solve for the distance in feet to the 5 mR/min boundary. Show your solution, including assumptions.
- A point source emits electromagnetic energy at a rate of (1.0028x10^2) Joules per second. What is the intensity of the electromagnetic radiation (9.97x10^0) m from the source? Express your result with three significant figures in mW/m2.Betelgeuse, a red-giant star in the constellation Orion, has a peak in its radiation at a frequency of 3.09 X 10^14 Hz. What is the surface temperature of Betelgeuse?(a) Calculate the rate in watts at which heat transfer through radiation occurs (almost entirely in the infrared) from 1.0 m2 of the Earth’s surface at night. Assume the emissivity is 0.90, the temperature of the Earth is 15ºC , and that of outer space is 2.7 K. (b) Compare the intensity of this radiation with that coming to the Earth from the Sun during the day, which averages about 800 W/m2, only half of which is absorbed. (c) What is the maximum magnetic field strength in the outgoing radiation, assuming it is a continuous wave?
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