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The main product in the following reaction is: CH, —сн—СH, Br + CH,CH,0 CH3 CH, CH, () CH, — сн— сH,осH, CH, (6) сн, —ҫ—осн,сн, (е) СН, -ҫн—СH,ОН (d) CH, —ҫ он ČH, ČH3 ČH,

The main product in the following reaction is: CH, —сн—СH, Br + CH,CH,0 CH3 CH, CH, () CH, — сн— сH,осH, CH, (6) сн, —ҫ—осн,сн, (е) СН, -ҫн—СH,ОН (d) CH, —ҫ он ČH, ČH3 ČH,

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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The high reactivity of alkyl halides can be explained in terms of nature of C-X bond which is highly polarized covalent bond due to large difference in the electronegativities of carbon and halogen atom. This polarity is responsible for the nucleophilic substitution reactions of alkyl halides which mostly occur by SN1 and SN2 mechanisms. SŅi reaction is a two-step process and in the first step, R-X ionizes to give carbocation (slow process). In the second step, the nucleophile attacks the carbocation from either side to form the product (fast process). In SNi reaction, there can be racemization and inversion. SNı reaction is favored by heavy (bulky) groups on the carbon atom attached to halogens. i.e., R3C-X>R2CH-X>R-CH;X>CH;X. In SN2 reaction, the strong nucleophile OH attacks from the opposite side of the chlorine atom to give an intermediate (transition state) which breaks to yield the product (alcohol) and leaving (X) group. The alcohol has a configuration opposite to that of the bromide and is said to proceed with inversion of configuration. SN; reaction is favored by small groups on the carbon atom attached to halogen i.e., CH3-X>R- CH,X>R;CHX>R3C-X. The main product in the following reaction is: CH,-CH-CH,Br + CH;CH,0¯ - CH3 CH, CH, (а) CН, — сн —сH,0CH,CH, (Ъ) СH, -ҫ осн,сн, (c) CH, — ҫн—Сн,ОН (d) CH3-C-OH ČH3 CH, ČH3 ČH,
Transcribed Image Text:The high reactivity of alkyl halides can be explained in terms of nature of C-X bond which is highly polarized covalent bond due to large difference in the electronegativities of carbon and halogen atom. This polarity is responsible for the nucleophilic substitution reactions of alkyl halides which mostly occur by SN1 and SN2 mechanisms. SŅi reaction is a two-step process and in the first step, R-X ionizes to give carbocation (slow process). In the second step, the nucleophile attacks the carbocation from either side to form the product (fast process). In SNi reaction, there can be racemization and inversion. SNı reaction is favored by heavy (bulky) groups on the carbon atom attached to halogens. i.e., R3C-X>R2CH-X>R-CH;X>CH;X. In SN2 reaction, the strong nucleophile OH attacks from the opposite side of the chlorine atom to give an intermediate (transition state) which breaks to yield the product (alcohol) and leaving (X) group. The alcohol has a configuration opposite to that of the bromide and is said to proceed with inversion of configuration. SN; reaction is favored by small groups on the carbon atom attached to halogen i.e., CH3-X>R- CH,X>R;CHX>R3C-X. The main product in the following reaction is: CH,-CH-CH,Br + CH;CH,0¯ - CH3 CH, CH, (а) CН, — сн —сH,0CH,CH, (Ъ) СH, -ҫ осн,сн, (c) CH, — ҫн—Сн,ОН (d) CH3-C-OH ČH3 CH, ČH3 ČH,
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