The load from a continuous footing of 2 metres width, which may be considered to be a strip load of considerable length, is 180 kN/m² Determine the maximum principal stress at 1.2 metres depth below the footing, if the point lies (1) directly below the centre of the footing (7) directly below the edge of the footing, and ( 0.6 m away from the edge of the footing. What is the maximum shear stress at each of these points ?

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Load and resistance factor design

Load and resistance factors design (LRFD), also known as Limit state design (LSD), refers to the design method used in building engineering. A boundary condition is a condition of a structure where it can no longer meet the relevant design requirements. The condition may refer to the load level or other actions on the structure, while the terms refer to the integrity of the structure, suitability for use, durability, or other design requirements. A structure designed for LRFD is limited to keeping track of all possible actions during its design time and is always ready for use, with the appropriate level of reliability in each boundary condition. LRFD-based construction codes clearly define the appropriate levels of reliability in their instructions.