The International Space Station (ISS) has a mass of about 441,000 kg and orbits at a height of about 4.0 x 105 meters above the surface of Earth. If the average U.S. household uses about 40 billion joules (4.0 x 1010 J) of energy in a year, how many households could be powered for a year by the gravitational potential energy stored in the ISS? The height of the ISS above Earth's surface is small enough that you can still use mgh as a reasonable approximation to calculate the gravitational potential energy.

Near the martian equator, temperatures at the same spot can vary from an average of 135 °C at night to an average of 30 °C during the day. How can you explain such a wide difference in temperature compared to that on Earth?

Find the escape speed of a projectile from the surface of Mars.

We use the terms sunset and sunrise. In what way are these terms misleading?

It was stated that a satellite with negative total energy is in a bound orbit, whereas one with zero or positive total energy is in an unbounded orbit. Why zero or positive total energy is in an unbounded orbit. Why is this true? What choice for gravitational potential energy was made such that this is true?

(a) What is the change in energy of a 1000-kg payload taken from rest at the surface of Earth and placed at rest on the surface of the Moon? (b) What would be the answer if the payload were taken from the Moon’s surface to Earth? Is this a reasonable calculation of the energy needed to move a payload back and forth?

Space debris left from old satellites and their launchers is becoming a hazard to other satellites. (a) Calculate the speed of a satellite in an orbit 900 km above Earth’s surface. (b) Suppose a loose rivet is in an orbit of the same radius that intersects the satellite’s orbit at an angle of 90 . What is the velocity of the rivet relative to the satellite just before striking it? (c) If its mass is 0.500 g, and it comes to rest inside the satellite, how much energy in joules is generated by the collision? (Assume the satellite’s velocity does not change appreciably, because it mass is much greater than the rivets’s.)

. In the annual Empire State Building race, contestants run up 1,575 steps to a height of 1,050 ft. In 2003, Australian Paul Crake completed the race in a record time of 9 min and 33 S, Mr., Crake weighed 143 lb (65 kg) , (a) How much work did Mr., Crake do in reaching the top of the building? (b) What was his average power output (in ft-lb/s and in hp)?

What do we pay the electric company for, power or energy? In what units?

Find the escape speed of a projectile from the surface of Jupiter.