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The included attachment gives the hex2Dec(const string& hexString) function that returns a decimal number from a hex string. Implement the hex2Dec function to throw an invalid_argument exception if the string is not a hex string. Write a test program in C++ that prompts the user to enter a hex number as a string and display the number in decimal.

The included attachment gives the hex2Dec(const string& hexString) function that returns a decimal number from a hex string. Implement the hex2Dec function to throw an invalid_argument exception if the string is not a hex string. Write a test program in C++ that prompts the user to enter a hex number as a string and display the number in decimal.

Database System Concepts
Database System Concepts
7th Edition
ISBN:9780078022159
Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan
Publisher:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan
Chapter1: Introduction
Section: Chapter Questions
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The included attachment gives the hex2Dec(const string& hexString) function that returns a decimal number from a hex string. Implement the hex2Dec function to throw an invalid_argument exception if the string is not a hex string. Write a test program in C++ that prompts the user to enter a hex number as a string and display the
number in decimal.

```cpp #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <cctype> using namespace std; // Converts a hex number as a string to decimal int hex2Dec(const string& hex); // Converts a hex character to a decimal value int hexCharToDecimal(char ch); int main() { // Prompt the user to enter a hex number as a string cout << "Enter a hex number: "; string hex; cin >> hex; cout << "The decimal value for hex number " << hex << " is " << hex2Dec(hex) << endl; return 0; } int hex2Dec(const string& hex) { int decimalValue = 0; for (unsigned i = 0; i < hex.size(); i++) decimalValue = decimalValue * 16 + hexCharToDecimal(hex[i]); return decimalValue; } int hexCharToDecimal(char ch) { ch = toupper(ch); // Change it to uppercase if (ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'F') return 10 + ch - 'A'; else // ch is '0', '1', ..., or '9' return ch - '0'; } ``` ### Explanation This C++ program converts a hexadecimal number, given as a string, into its decimal equivalent. It involves two major functions: 1. **hex2Dec**: This function takes a hexadecimal string and converts it into a decimal number by iterating through each character in the string, leveraging the `hexCharToDecimal` function for individual character conversion. 2. **hexCharToDecimal**: This converts a single hexadecimal character into its decimal equivalent. It differentiates between alphabetic ('A' to 'F') and numeric ('0' to '9') characters, using `toupper` to handle the case insensitivity. In the `main` function, the user is prompted to enter a hexadecimal number. The program then outputs its decimal equivalent.
Transcribed Image Text:```cpp #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <cctype> using namespace std; // Converts a hex number as a string to decimal int hex2Dec(const string& hex); // Converts a hex character to a decimal value int hexCharToDecimal(char ch); int main() { // Prompt the user to enter a hex number as a string cout << "Enter a hex number: "; string hex; cin >> hex; cout << "The decimal value for hex number " << hex << " is " << hex2Dec(hex) << endl; return 0; } int hex2Dec(const string& hex) { int decimalValue = 0; for (unsigned i = 0; i < hex.size(); i++) decimalValue = decimalValue * 16 + hexCharToDecimal(hex[i]); return decimalValue; } int hexCharToDecimal(char ch) { ch = toupper(ch); // Change it to uppercase if (ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'F') return 10 + ch - 'A'; else // ch is '0', '1', ..., or '9' return ch - '0'; } ``` ### Explanation This C++ program converts a hexadecimal number, given as a string, into its decimal equivalent. It involves two major functions: 1. **hex2Dec**: This function takes a hexadecimal string and converts it into a decimal number by iterating through each character in the string, leveraging the `hexCharToDecimal` function for individual character conversion. 2. **hexCharToDecimal**: This converts a single hexadecimal character into its decimal equivalent. It differentiates between alphabetic ('A' to 'F') and numeric ('0' to '9') characters, using `toupper` to handle the case insensitivity. In the `main` function, the user is prompted to enter a hexadecimal number. The program then outputs its decimal equivalent.
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