The human eye can be approximated by a two-lens optical system. Light enters the eye and first travels through the cornea and aqueous humor. The cornea and aqueous humor are sometimes called the aqueous lens. The aqueous lens of a sample eye has a focal length of 4.16666 cm. The iris blocks some of the light that travels through the aqueous lens. Next, light travels through the center of the crystalline lens and vitreous humor to the retina. The crystalline lens and the vitreous humor can be approximated by one lens, called the crystalline lens, with a focal length that can change. For healthy eyes, the crystalline lens is set 0.50000 cm behind the aqueous lens and can vary in focal length from 9.0000 cm to 16.5000 cm. The retina acts as an image screen upon which real images are focused for processing by the brain. The retina is 3.0000 cm behind the crystalline lens. b) When the muscles connected to the crystalline lens contract fully, its focal length is 16.5000 cm. With this focal length, how far away must an object be to form sharply focused images on the retina? (Note: this distance is called the far point of vision.) c) When the muscles connected to the crystalline lens relax, the focal length is 9.0000 cm. With this focal length, how close must an object be to form sharply focused images on the retina? (Note: this distance is called the near point of vision.) d) As people age, the crystalline lens hardens (a condition called presbyopia or “old-age” eyes) and can only vary in focal length from 12 to 15.60 cm. Calculate range of vision (the new near point and far point) for this older eye. e) Based on part d) why might an older person hold the newspaper at arm’s length to read it?
Ray Optics
Optics is the study of light in the field of physics. It refers to the study and properties of light. Optical phenomena can be classified into three categories: ray optics, wave optics, and quantum optics. Geometrical optics, also known as ray optics, is an optics model that explains light propagation using rays. In an optical device, a ray is a direction along which light energy is transmitted from one point to another. Geometric optics assumes that waves (rays) move in straight lines before they reach a surface. When a ray collides with a surface, it can bounce back (reflect) or bend (refract), but it continues in a straight line. The laws of reflection and refraction are the fundamental laws of geometrical optics. Light is an electromagnetic wave with a wavelength that falls within the visible spectrum.
Converging Lens
Converging lens, also known as a convex lens, is thinner at the upper and lower edges and thicker at the center. The edges are curved outwards. This lens can converge a beam of parallel rays of light that is coming from outside and focus it on a point on the other side of the lens.
Plano-Convex Lens
To understand the topic well we will first break down the name of the topic, ‘Plano Convex lens’ into three separate words and look at them individually.
Lateral Magnification
In very simple terms, the same object can be viewed in enlarged versions of itself, which we call magnification. To rephrase, magnification is the ability to enlarge the image of an object without physically altering its dimensions and structure. This process is mainly done to get an even more detailed view of the object by scaling up the image. A lot of daily life examples for this can be the use of magnifying glasses, projectors, and microscopes in laboratories. This plays a vital role in the fields of research and development and to some extent even our daily lives; our daily activity of magnifying images and texts on our mobile screen for a better look is nothing other than magnification.
The human eye can be approximated by a two-lens optical system. Light enters the eye and first travels through the cornea and aqueous humor. The cornea and aqueous humor are sometimes called the aqueous lens. The aqueous lens of a sample eye has a focal length of 4.16666 cm. The iris blocks some of the light that travels through the aqueous lens. Next, light travels through the center of the crystalline lens and vitreous humor to the retina. The crystalline lens and the vitreous humor can be approximated by one lens, called the crystalline lens, with a focal length that can change. For healthy eyes, the crystalline lens is set 0.50000 cm behind the aqueous lens and can vary in focal length from 9.0000 cm to 16.5000 cm. The retina acts as an image screen upon which real images are focused for processing by the brain. The retina is 3.0000 cm behind the crystalline lens.
b) When the muscles connected to the crystalline lens contract fully, its focal length is 16.5000 cm. With this focal length, how far away must an object be to form sharply focused images on the retina? (Note: this distance is called the far point of vision.)
c) When the muscles connected to the crystalline lens relax, the focal length is 9.0000 cm. With this focal length, how close must an object be to form sharply focused images on the retina? (Note: this distance is called the near point of vision.)
d) As people age, the crystalline lens hardens (a condition called presbyopia or “old-age” eyes) and can only vary in focal length from 12 to 15.60 cm. Calculate range of vision (the new near point and far point) for this older eye.
e) Based on part d) why might an older person hold the newspaper at arm’s length to read it?
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