The Hill of Tara is located in south-central Meath, not far from Dublin, Ireland. Tara is of great cultural and archaeological importance, since it is by legend the seat of the ancient high kings of Ireland. For more information, see Tara: An Archaeological Survey, by Conor Newman, Royal Irish Academy, Dublin. Magnetic surveying is one technique used by archaeologists to determine anomalies arising from variations in magnetic susceptibility. Unusual changes in magnetic susceptibility might (or might not) indicate an important archaeological discovery. Let x be a random variable that represents a magnetic susceptibility (MS) reading for a randomly chosen site on the Hill of Tara. A random sample of 120 sites gave the readings shown in the table below. Magnetic Susceptibility Readings, centimeter-gram-second ✕ 10−6 (cmg ✕ 10−6) Comment Magnetic Susceptibility Number of Readings Estimated Probability "cool" 0 ≤ x < 10 30 30/120 = 0.25 "neutral" 10 ≤ x < 20 54 54/120 = 0.45 "warm" 20 ≤ x < 30 18 18/120 = 0.15 "very interesting" 30 ≤ x < 40 12 12/120 = 0.10 "hot spot" 40 ≤ x 6 6/120 = 0.05 What is probability? A probability is a numerical measure greater than or equal to  and less than or equal to  that describes the likelihood that an event will occur. Probabilities closer to  indicate that the event is more likely to occur. Probabilities closer to  indicate that the event is less likely to occur. What do we mean by relative frequency as a probability estimate for events? A probability assignment based on relative frequency uses the formula, probability of event = relative frequency =      , where f is the frequency of the event occurrence in a sample of n observations.

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The Hill of Tara is located in south-central Meath, not far from Dublin, Ireland. Tara is of great cultural and archaeological importance, since it is by legend the seat of the ancient high kings of Ireland. For more information, see Tara: An Archaeological Survey, by Conor Newman, Royal Irish Academy, Dublin.

Magnetic surveying is one technique used by archaeologists to determine anomalies arising from variations in magnetic susceptibility. Unusual changes in magnetic susceptibility might (or might not) indicate an important archaeological discovery. Let x be a random variable that represents a magnetic susceptibility (MS) reading for a randomly chosen site on the Hill of Tara. A random sample of 120 sites gave the readings shown in the table below.

Magnetic Susceptibility Readings,
centimeter-gram-second ✕ 10−6 (cmg ✕ 10−6)
Comment Magnetic
Susceptibility
Number of
Readings
Estimated
Probability
"cool"
0 ≤ x < 10
30 30/120 = 0.25
"neutral"
10 ≤ x < 20
54 54/120 = 0.45
"warm"
20 ≤ x < 30
18 18/120 = 0.15
"very interesting"
30 ≤ x < 40
12 12/120 = 0.10
"hot spot"
40 ≤ x
6 6/120 = 0.05

What is probability?

A probability is a numerical measure greater than or equal to  and less than or equal to  that describes the likelihood that an event will occur. Probabilities closer to  indicate that the event is more likely to occur. Probabilities closer to  indicate that the event is less likely to occur.


What do we mean by relative frequency as a probability estimate for events?

A probability assignment based on relative frequency uses the formula, probability of event = relative frequency =      , where f is the frequency of the event occurrence in a sample of n observations.
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