The function of allelic exclusion is? a. increase the magnitude of antibodies b. increase the affinity of antibodies c. increase the specificity of antibodies d. increase the diversity of antibodies e. increase sensitivity of antibodies
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- 1. Describe how antibodies can be used to determine if a person has immunity against a disease. 2. What are monoclonal antibodies and how are they created?8. Which statement is incorrect? a. IgG is the most abundant antibody in blood b. Antibodies can exist at the surface of a B cell, or circulate freely in blood. c. IgM is found in the lining of the genitourinary, gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts d. IgE is involved allergic reactions e. Macrophages are involved in chronic infections10. A given B cell expresses only maternally or paternally derived heavy chains but never both. This observation is the result of A. antibody diversity. B. isotype switching. C. allelic exclusion. D. affinity maturation. E. random VJ gene rearrangement.
- 2. Which of the following macromolecules usually act as the best immunogens? A. Carbohydrates C. Proteins E. none of the above 3. Which of the following is a central lymphoid organ? A. GALT D. bone marrow 4. Antibodies generally bind only a small part of a big molecule. What do we usually call the small part of the molecule that is bound by a particular antibody? A. target D. adhesion determinant 5. If "natural" antibody to the A and B blood group antigens were IgG, then hemolytic disease of the newborn could occur in the B. lipids D. nucleic acids C. spleen E. B and D B. thymus C. epitope E. antigenic site B. attachment site children of: A. O mothers and fathers. B. A mothers and A fathers. C. A mothers and O fathers. D. O mothers and E. none of the above. 6. The effector cells which carry out ADCC ("antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity") must express membrane-bound: A. Complement receptors C. T cell receptors E. CD28 7. Infants are susceptible to respiratory tract infections…9. Which of the following antibody classes or isotypes facilitate the sequential binding of the C1, C4, C2, and C3 components of the complement system? A. IgA and IgD B. IgA and IgE C. IgD and IgM D. IgE and IgG E. IgM and IgG1. Antigens are made up of specific sequences of amino acids called ----- that determine their structure. A. epitopes B. multivalent sites C. paratropes D. constant regions 2. Which scenario best describes antibody cross-reactivity? A. A single pathogen with multiple epitopes is recognized by a multivalent antibody. B. Multipleepitopes are recognized by multiple antibodies C. A single epitope is recognized by multiple antibodies D. Two distinct, but structurally similar epitopes are recognized by the same antibody 3. What is the major benefit of cross-reactivity? A. Cross-reactivity permits the allergic response. B. Cross-reactivity promotes a faster immune response against unrelated pathogens. C. Cross-reactivity enhances immunity by providing protection against related pathogens. D. Cross-reactivity allows the immune system to respond to pathogens in various locations within the host (i.e., skin, mucosal tissues, extracellular fluids, etc.)
- 4. Which of the following statements about antibodies is incorrect? A. Antibodies are secreted by plasma cells. B. Antibodies target both bacteria and free viruses. C. Antibodies work against bacterial toxins by neutralizing them. D. Antibodies activate complement proteins through the classical pathway. Antibodies eliminate bacteria by perforating them directly. E.1. Active immunity generally lasts longer than passive immunity.A. TrueB. False6. Match the example/scenario provided to the type of humoral immunity. a. active, naturally acquired b. active, artificially acquired mak c. passive, naturally acquired d. passive, artificially acquired Recent research has shown promise in the treatment of stomach cancer. Patients given a monoclonal antibody that binds to the cancer cells, elicits the immune response to kill the cancer cell. What type of immunity is this an example of? Timothy, a three-year-old, was playing on the playground when he picked up a piece of chewed gum an adult had thrown on the ground. The next day, he ran a fever and was vomiting which his mom attributed to him picking up of immunity is this an example of? the gum and eating it. Assuming this is true, what type In 1950-1960, a vaccine to combat polio was developed. Two types of vaccines were created, an oral vaccine that contained live attenuated (less disease causing) virus and later an inactivated polio vaccine. What type of immunity is this an example…
- A. the mother has blood type A and the fetus has blood type O. B. the mother has Rh+ blood and the fetus has Rh blood. C. the mother has Rh blood and the fetus has Rh* blood. D. the mother has type AB blood and the fetus has type O blood. 27. Mary has type AB blood. Which type of antibodies are present in her plasma? A. anti-A B. anti-B C. anti-A and anti-B D. Neither anti-A nor anti-B 28. John has blood type B. In an emergency, John could receive which of the following blood types A. B only B. AB only C. O only D. B or O 29.The major plasma protein is A. alpha globulin. B. beta globulin. C. fibrinogen. D. albumin 30.Blood forms what percentage of your body weight? A. 16% B. 20% C. 8% D. 30% 31. Which of the following is NOT a granular leukocyte? A. neutrophil B. eosinophil C. monocyte D. basophil 32. The most abundant leukocytes in the blood are the A. eosinophils. B. basophils. C. neutrophils. D. monocytes. 33.When the wrong blood type is given to a patient, the antibodies in the…1.A given B cell expresses only maternally or paternally derived heavy chains but never both. This observation is the result of A. antibodydiversity.B. isotypeswitching.C. allelicexclusion.D. affinitymaturation.E. randomVJgenerearrangement. 2.Which of the following antibody classes or isotypes facilitate the sequential binding of the C1, C4, C2, and C3 components of the complement system? A. IgAandIgD B. IgAandIgE C. IgDandIgM D. IgE and IgG E. IgMandIgG10. Injecting antibodies from a human donor who is immune to a disease is ... A. natural active acquired immunity. B. natural passive acquired immunity. C. artificial active acquired immunity. D. artificial passive acquired immunity. E. none of the above 3