please answer part A ONLY! C₂μ₁ = μ₁ - RTV₁ ( + BC² + ... + V₁ TM₂Solving for T, we find(C/₂π = RT(13.41)We have calculated the pressure difference required to equate the chemical poten-tial of solvent on the two sides of the membrane. This we call the osmotic pressure. Itmust be applied for the system to be at equilibrium. If the solution is very dilute orif B = 0 (ideal solution), we obtainIT =IT RTC₂ M₂-+ BC² +RTC ₂M₂(13.40)This equation explains the historical importance of osmotic pressure. It allowed themeasurement of the molecular weights of macromolecules by an experimentallysimple technique. Indeed, the determination that hemoglobin had a molecularweight of 67,000 (Adair 1925) was a milestone in molecular biology. Even at thattime, the importance of nonideality and the necessity of extrapolating data to lowconcentrations was appreciated. A practical equation for the calculation of M₂ for anonideal system can be written as by dividing Eq. 13.41 by C₂,(13.42)+ BRTC2 +(13.43)Thus, graphing /C₂ versus С₂ should allow determination of both M₂ and B. Graphsof osmotic pressure data for globular and unfolded proteins are shown in Figure 13.6. The following osmotic pressure data have been obtained for lactate dehydrogenase intwo different buffer systems.a. In 0.1 M KC1/0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer at 25°℃ (buffer density1.012 g/ml), ¬/C had the value of 0.183 cm of solvent/(g/l), independent of concen-tration. Calculate M.=b. In 6.0 M guanidine hydrochloride, a denaturing and dissociating solvent, with den-sity 1.150 g/ml, the following data were obtained:

Given that: Temperature = 25oC Buffer density = 1.012 g/mL Height of solvent per g/L = 0.183…

The following osmotic pressure data have been obtained for lactate dehydrogenase in two different buffer systems. a. In 0.1 M KC1/0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer at 25°C (buffer density 1.012 g/ml), T/C had the value of 0.183 cm of solvent/(g/l), independent of concen- tration. Calculate M. = b. In 6.0 M guanidine hydrochloride, a denaturing and dissociating solvent, with den- sity 1.150 g/ml, the following data were obtained:

The following osmotic pressure data have been obtained for lactate dehydrogenase in two different buffer systems. a. In 0.1 M KC1/0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer at 25°C (buffer density 1.012 g/ml), T/C had the value of 0.183 cm of solvent/(g/l), independent of concen- tration. Calculate M. = b. In 6.0 M guanidine hydrochloride, a denaturing and dissociating solvent, with den- sity 1.150 g/ml, the following data were obtained:

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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