The following Lewis representation depicts a reaction between one atom of a group metal and one atom of a group nonmetal. X• + x+ In this representation, each atom loses electron(s) and each v atom gains electron(s). The bonds that form in the product would be
Formal Charges
Formal charges have an important role in organic chemistry since this concept helps us to know whether an atom in a molecule is neutral/bears a positive or negative charge. Even if some molecules are neutral, the atoms within that molecule need not be neutral atoms.
Polarity Of Water
In simple chemical terms, polarity refers to the separation of charges in a chemical species leading into formation of two polar ends which are positively charged end and negatively charged end. Polarity in any molecule occurs due to the differences in the electronegativities of the bonded atoms. Water, as we all know has two hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen atom. As oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen thus, there exists polarity in the bonds which is why water is known as a polar solvent.
Valence Bond Theory Vbt
Valence bond theory (VBT) in simple terms explains how individual atomic orbitals with an unpaired electron each, come close to each other and overlap to form a molecular orbital giving a covalent bond. It gives a quantum mechanical approach to the formation of covalent bonds with the help of wavefunctions using attractive and repulsive energies when two atoms are brought from infinity to their internuclear distance.
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The following Lewis representation depicts a reaction between one atom of a group [___] metal and one atom of a group [___] nonmetal.
\[ \text{X} \cdot + \cdot \cdot \cdot \text{Y} \cdot \cdot \cdot \rightarrow \text{X}^{+} + \left[ : \text{Y} : \right]^{-} \]
In this representation, each [___] atom loses [___] electron(s) and each [___] atom gains [___] electron(s).
The bonds that form in the product would be [___].
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Explanation of the diagrams:
1. The symbols X and Y represent two different elements. X has one dot, symbolizing a single valence electron. Y has seven dots, symbolizing seven valence electrons in its outer shell.
2. The arrow denotes a reaction where the X atom loses its valence electron, represented by the dot moving away from X.
3. The products show X as \( \text{X}^{+} \), indicating it has lost an electron and has a positive charge. Y is represented as \(\left[ : \text{Y} : \right]^{-}\), indicating it has gained an electron and has a negative charge. The added electron is shown as an additional dot next to Y’s seven valence electrons, making it eight, representing a complete outer shell.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F9ee6479a-9360-421e-a0d3-69e759864a42%2F57003a95-1ba5-4e1f-8e63-60949115367e%2Fgjzfmh5.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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