A)review the section on Bond Polarity and Partial Ionic Character and the figure that has an ionic character on the Y-axis and delta EN on the X axis (see page 393).   Review the graph and Critique the following statement:  HF is a covalent molecule and LiI is an ionic compound.  Provide as much detail and explanation as possible!

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Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
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A)review the section on Bond Polarity and Partial Ionic Character and the figure that has an ionic character on the Y-axis and delta EN on the X axis (see page 393).

 

Review the graph and Critique the following statement:  HF is a covalent molecule and LiI is an ionic compound.  Provide as much detail and explanation as possible!

9.5 · Between the Extremes: Electronegativity and Bond Polarity
393
The bond in LiCI has more ionic character than the one in HCI, which has more than
3.3
the one in Clz.
Mostly
Here are two approaches for quantifying ionic character. Both use arbitrary cut-
offs, which is not really consistent with the actual gradation in bonding:
ionic
1. AEN range. This approach divides bonds into mostly ionic, polar covalent, mostly
covalent, and nonpolar covalent based on a range of AEN values (Figure 9.24).
2. Percent ionic character. This approach is based on the behavior of a gaseous
diatomic molecule in an electric field. A plot of percent ionic character vs. AEN
for several molecules shows that, as expected, percent ionic character generally
increases with AEN (Figure 9.25A). A value of 50% divides ionic from covalent
bonds. Note that a substance like Cl2(g) has 0% ionic character, but none has 100%
17 -
Polar
&+
8-
covalent
ionic character: electron sharing occurs to some extent in every bond, even between
an ion pair of an alkali halide (Figure 9.25B).
0.4-
Mostly
100
covalent
LIF
0.0-
Nonpolar
KCI
covalent
KI
KBr
Naci
75-
IONIC
LICI
Figure 9.24 AEN ranges for classifying
the partial ionic character of bonds.
Csči
LIBr
Lil
50-
Arbitrary
cutoff
HF
25-
COVALENT
IBr H ICI
HBr
HCI
1.0
2.0
3.0
ΔΕΝ
Figure 9.25 Percent ionic
character as a function of AEN.
Student Hot Spot
Student data indicate that you may struggle
with using electronegativity to determine
bond polarity. Access the Smartbook to view
additional Learning Resources on this topic.
A, AEN correlates with ionic
character. B, Even in highly ionic
LIF (AEN = 3.0), some electron
Overlap indicates
some electron
sharing.
sharing occurs between the ions
in the gaseous ion pair.
Li
Percent ionic character
Transcribed Image Text:9.5 · Between the Extremes: Electronegativity and Bond Polarity 393 The bond in LiCI has more ionic character than the one in HCI, which has more than 3.3 the one in Clz. Mostly Here are two approaches for quantifying ionic character. Both use arbitrary cut- offs, which is not really consistent with the actual gradation in bonding: ionic 1. AEN range. This approach divides bonds into mostly ionic, polar covalent, mostly covalent, and nonpolar covalent based on a range of AEN values (Figure 9.24). 2. Percent ionic character. This approach is based on the behavior of a gaseous diatomic molecule in an electric field. A plot of percent ionic character vs. AEN for several molecules shows that, as expected, percent ionic character generally increases with AEN (Figure 9.25A). A value of 50% divides ionic from covalent bonds. Note that a substance like Cl2(g) has 0% ionic character, but none has 100% 17 - Polar &+ 8- covalent ionic character: electron sharing occurs to some extent in every bond, even between an ion pair of an alkali halide (Figure 9.25B). 0.4- Mostly 100 covalent LIF 0.0- Nonpolar KCI covalent KI KBr Naci 75- IONIC LICI Figure 9.24 AEN ranges for classifying the partial ionic character of bonds. Csči LIBr Lil 50- Arbitrary cutoff HF 25- COVALENT IBr H ICI HBr HCI 1.0 2.0 3.0 ΔΕΝ Figure 9.25 Percent ionic character as a function of AEN. Student Hot Spot Student data indicate that you may struggle with using electronegativity to determine bond polarity. Access the Smartbook to view additional Learning Resources on this topic. A, AEN correlates with ionic character. B, Even in highly ionic LIF (AEN = 3.0), some electron Overlap indicates some electron sharing. sharing occurs between the ions in the gaseous ion pair. Li Percent ionic character
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