The following ledger balances were extracted from the books of the MSc Enterprise: MSc Enterprise Trial Balances as at 31 December, 2016 GH¢ Sales Purchases Salaries Return Outwards Buildings Return Inwards Loan taken from Ecobank Loan Interest Debtors Creditors Vehicles (cost) Vehicles (provision for depreciation) Carriage inwards Equipment (cost) Equipment (provision for depreciation) Drawings Commission received Bank overdraft Discount received Electricity Insurance Advertising and Selling Expenses Opening Stock Capital 62,000 111,000 750,000 30,000 65,000 27,000 20,000 12,000 240,000 34,000 8,100 14,000 38,600 6,200 1,417,900 GH¢ 454,000 4,200 600,000 8,500 8,000 53,000 7,800 8,000 224 274,176 1,417,900 Additional Information i. The closing stock at 31 December, 2016 was GH¢9,200 ii. Provide for depreciation on equipment at 20% per annum on a straight-line basis iii. Provide for depreciation on motor vehicles at 40% per annum on a reducing balance basis. iv. Debtors include an amount of GH¢800 considered bad. v. An electricity bill of GH¢2,600 is owing while insurance is prepaid by GH¢3,500. Required Prepare the Income Statement for the year ended 31* December, 2016 and the Statement of Financial Position as at that date.
Reporting Cash Flows
Reporting of cash flows means a statement of cash flow which is a financial statement. A cash flow statement is prepared by gathering all the data regarding inflows and outflows of a company. The cash flow statement includes cash inflows and outflows from various activities such as operating, financing, and investment. Reporting this statement is important because it is the main financial statement of the company.
Balance Sheet
A balance sheet is an integral part of the set of financial statements of an organization that reports the assets, liabilities, equity (shareholding) capital, other short and long-term debts, along with other related items. A balance sheet is one of the most critical measures of the financial performance and position of the company, and as the name suggests, the statement must balance the assets against the liabilities and equity. The assets are what the company owns, and the liabilities represent what the company owes. Equity represents the amount invested in the business, either by the promoters of the company or by external shareholders. The total assets must match total liabilities plus equity.
Financial Statements
Financial statements are written records of an organization which provide a true and real picture of business activities. It shows the financial position and the operating performance of the company. It is prepared at the end of every financial cycle. It includes three main components that are balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement.
Owner's Capital
Before we begin to understand what Owner’s capital is and what Equity financing is to an organization, it is important to understand some basic accounting terminologies. A double-entry bookkeeping system Normal account balances are those which are expected to have either a debit balance or a credit balance, depending on the nature of the account. An asset account will have a debit balance as normal balance because an asset is a debit account. Similarly, a liability account will have the normal balance as a credit balance because it is amount owed, representing a credit account. Equity is also said to have a credit balance as its normal balance. However, sometimes the normal balances may be reversed, often due to incorrect journal or posting entries or other accounting/ clerical errors.
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