The following information is given for bismuth at 1 atm: boiling point = 1627 °C melting point = 271 °C specific heat solid = 0.126 J/g°C specific heat liquid = 0.151 J/g°C AHvap(1627 °C) = 172.0 kJ/mol AHfus(271 °C) = 11.00 kJ/mol What is AH in kJ for the process of freezing a 29.1 g sample of liquid bismuth at its normal melting point of 271 °C? kJ
Thermochemistry
Thermochemistry can be considered as a branch of thermodynamics that deals with the connections between warmth, work, and various types of energy, formed because of different synthetic and actual cycles. Thermochemistry describes the energy changes that occur as a result of reactions or chemical changes in a substance.
Exergonic Reaction
The term exergonic is derived from the Greek word in which ‘ergon’ means work and exergonic means ‘work outside’. Exergonic reactions releases work energy. Exergonic reactions are different from exothermic reactions, the one that releases only heat energy during the course of the reaction. So, exothermic reaction is one type of exergonic reaction. Exergonic reaction releases work energy in different forms like heat, light or sound. For example, a glow stick releases light making that an exergonic reaction and not an exothermic reaction since no heat is released. Even endothermic reactions at very high temperature are exergonic.
![**Bismuth Properties at 1 atm:**
- **Boiling Point:** 1627 °C
- **Melting Point:** 271 °C
- **Specific Heat (Solid):** 0.126 J/g°C
- **Specific Heat (Liquid):** 0.151 J/g°C
**Enthalpy Changes:**
- **ΔH<sub>vap</sub> (1627 °C):** 172.0 kJ/mol
- **ΔH<sub>fus</sub> (271 °C):** 11.00 kJ/mol
**Problem Statement:**
Calculate the ΔH (in kJ) for the process of freezing a 29.1 g sample of liquid bismuth at its normal melting point of 271 °C.
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