The figure below shows the path of a beam of light through several layers with different indices of refraction. (Assume n4 = 1.10.) (a) If ?1 = 32.0°, what is the angle ?2 of the emerging beam? (b) What is the smallest incident angle ?1 to have total internal reflection at the surface between the medium with n = 1.20 and the medium with n4 = 1.10?

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Radiation

Radiation can be described as the energy in the form of a particular matter or electromagnetic waves traveling in the air and can be in the form of light, sound, and heat. Radiation can be detected through special instruments like X-rays. The radiation from a cooler object is less intense as compared to the radiation from hot objects.