The figure below depicts zero-growth isoclines for two competing species as a function of two limiting resources (e.g. food and water). According to the resource-ratio (i.e. R-star) hypothesis and assuming both resources are initially abundant, what will be the equilibrium outcome of this competitive interaction (note: ignore the grey arrow for now)? Species B Species A Amount of Resource 1 (e.g. food) Population numbers of both species will oscillate through time. One of the two species will outcompete the other, but which species goes extinct will be random. Species B will outcompete Species A. Both species will stably coexist. Species A will outcompete Species B. Amount of Resource 2 (e.g. water)

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