The eyes of amphibians such as frogs havea much flatter cornea but a more strongly curved (almost spherical)lens than do the eyes of air-dwelling mammals. In mammalian eyes,the shape (and therefore the focal length) of the lens changes to enablethe eye to focus at different distances. In amphibian eyes, the shapeof the lens doesn’t change. Amphibians focus on objects at differentdistances by using specialized muscles to move the lens closer to orfarther from the retina, like the focusing mechanism of a camera. In air,most frogs are nearsighted; correcting the distance vision of a typicalfrog in air would require contact lenses with a power of about -6.0 D. A frog can see an insect clearly at a distance of 10 cm. At that point the effective distance from the lens to the retina is 8 mm. If the insect moves 5 cm farther from the frog, by how much and in which direction does the lens of the frog’s eye have to move to keep the insect in focus? (a) 0.02 cm, toward the retina; (b) 0.02 cm, away from the retina; (c) 0.06 cm, toward the retina; (d) 0.06 cm, away from the retina.
Ray Optics
Optics is the study of light in the field of physics. It refers to the study and properties of light. Optical phenomena can be classified into three categories: ray optics, wave optics, and quantum optics. Geometrical optics, also known as ray optics, is an optics model that explains light propagation using rays. In an optical device, a ray is a direction along which light energy is transmitted from one point to another. Geometric optics assumes that waves (rays) move in straight lines before they reach a surface. When a ray collides with a surface, it can bounce back (reflect) or bend (refract), but it continues in a straight line. The laws of reflection and refraction are the fundamental laws of geometrical optics. Light is an electromagnetic wave with a wavelength that falls within the visible spectrum.
Converging Lens
Converging lens, also known as a convex lens, is thinner at the upper and lower edges and thicker at the center. The edges are curved outwards. This lens can converge a beam of parallel rays of light that is coming from outside and focus it on a point on the other side of the lens.
Plano-Convex Lens
To understand the topic well we will first break down the name of the topic, ‘Plano Convex lens’ into three separate words and look at them individually.
Lateral Magnification
In very simple terms, the same object can be viewed in enlarged versions of itself, which we call magnification. To rephrase, magnification is the ability to enlarge the image of an object without physically altering its dimensions and structure. This process is mainly done to get an even more detailed view of the object by scaling up the image. A lot of daily life examples for this can be the use of magnifying glasses, projectors, and microscopes in laboratories. This plays a vital role in the fields of research and development and to some extent even our daily lives; our daily activity of magnifying images and texts on our mobile screen for a better look is nothing other than magnification.
The eyes of amphibians such as frogs have
a much flatter cornea but a more strongly curved (almost spherical)
lens than do the eyes of air-dwelling mammals. In mammalian eyes,
the shape (and therefore the focal length) of the lens changes to enable
the eye to focus at different distances. In amphibian eyes, the shape
of the lens doesn’t change. Amphibians focus on objects at different
distances by using specialized muscles to move the lens closer to or
farther from the retina, like the focusing mechanism of a camera. In air,
most frogs are nearsighted; correcting the distance vision of a typical
frog in air would require contact lenses with a power of about -6.0 D. A frog can see an insect clearly at a distance of 10 cm. At that
point the effective distance from the lens to the retina is 8 mm. If the
insect moves 5 cm farther from the frog, by how much and in which direction
does the lens of the frog’s eye have to move to keep the insect in
focus? (a) 0.02 cm, toward the retina; (b) 0.02 cm, away from the retina;
(c) 0.06 cm, toward the retina; (d) 0.06 cm, away from the retina.
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