The expression we developed in class for the angular momentum (per unit mass of the orbiting comet or planet) is L/m = 2πa^2√(1 −e^2)/P. (a) Show that an alternative expression is L/m = [GMa(1 −e^2)]1/2.
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The expression we developed in class for the
the orbiting comet or planet) is L/m = 2πa^2√(1 −e^2)/P. (a) Show that an alternative expression
is L/m = [GMa(1 −e^2)]1/2.
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Solved in 2 steps
- Around 2.5 centuries ago, several physicists of the time came up with the notion of a dark star. This was a star so dense, with so much gravity, that not even light could escape. The calculations used Newtonian mechanics. In class, we calculated the escape speed from the surface of the earth or the distance from the sun, and the mass of the planet or star. Here, the process is partially reversed. Calculate the dark star radius from the mass of the star and the escape speed. Answer in kilometers. c = 3*108 m/s M = 3.2*1030 kg G = 2/3 * 10-10 N*m2/kg2Plaskett's binary system consists of two stars that revolve in a circular orbit about a center of mass midway between them. This statement implies that the masses of the two stars are equal (see figure below). Assume the orbital speed of each star is V = 240 km/s and the orbital period of each is 12.1 days. Find the mass M of each star. (For comparison, the mass of our Sun is 1.99 x 1030 kg.) solar masses XCM MThere exista a spherical planet with a mass of M and a radius of R. How much energy is required to take a rocket of a mass m from rest on the surface of the planet to a circular orbit a height h above the surface?Find using the Energy Difference Ef -Ei where Ef is the energy in orbit and Ei is the energy at rest on the surface. h is not small
- Consider the observation that the acceleration due to the gravitational force acting on a mass around a host planet decreases with the square of the separation between the objects. We can ask ourselves: why is it still accurate to consider a gravitational acceleration value of 9.8\frac{m}{s^2}9.8s2m for all of our projectile motion problems and all of our gravitational potential energy from prior modules? Let's analyze a situation and justify this analysis method: consider an object being launched from ground level to an altitude of 10,000 meters, roughly the cruising altitude of most jet liners, and far above our everyday experiences on Earth's surface. Compare the gravitational acceleration of the object at Earth's surface (the radius of Earth is about r_E=6.37\times10^6mrE=6.37×106m) to the acceleration value at the 10,000 meter altitude by determining the following ratio: g10,000m/gsurfaceCan you show me how to solve this?Let’s imagine that you have an idea for an experiment to fly on NASA’s “Vomit Comet.” (What’s special about this plane? It flies in parabolic paths (aka freefall) which result in near weightlessness. This means that you can ignore the effects of gravity when plan your experiment.) You want to mimic the orbital motion of the planets but by using electrostatic force rather than gravitational. And, instead of a planet, you will be orbiting a droplet of water that is 0.5mm in radius and has an deficit of 1.5 x 106 electrons. The droplet is to orbit around a small (1cm radius) sphere. If you want the droplet to move with an orbital radius of 14cm and period of one minute, what should the charge be on the central sphere? BTW The density of water is 997 kg/m3.
- The orbit of a 1.5 x 1010 kg comet around the Sun is elliptical, with an aphelion distance of 11.0 AU and perihelion distance of 0.890 AU. (Note: 1 AU = one astronomical unit = the average distance from the Sun to the Earth = 1.496 x 101" m.) (a) What is its orbital eccentricity? (b) What is its period? (Enter your answer in yr.) yr (c) At aphelion what is the potential energy (in J) of the comet-Sun system?Plaskett's binary system consists of two stars that revolve in a circular orbit about a center of mass midway between them. This statement implies that the masses of the two stars are equal (see figure below). Assume the orbital speed of each star is V = 210 km/s and the orbital period of each is 11.5 days. Find the mass M of each star. (For comparison, the mass of our Sun is 1.99 x 1030 kg.) solar masses M XCM MA certain asteroid in space can travel 48.0 km in 3.0 seconds. Its kinetic energy is known to be 3.84 x 1018 Joules. What is the mass of the asteroid?