The equation p2+ 2pq + q2= 1 representing theHardy-Weinberg proportions examines genes withonly two alleles in a population.a. Derive a similar equation describing the equilibrium proportions of genotypes for a gene withthree alleles. [Hint: Remember that the HardyWeinberg equation can be written as the binomialexpansion (p + q)2.]b. A single gene with three alleles (IA, IB, and i) isresponsible for the ABO blood groups. Individualswith blood type A can be either IA IAor IA i;those with blood type B can be either IB IBor IB i;people with AB blood are IA IB, and type O individuals are ii. Among Armenians, the frequency of IAis0.360, the frequency of IBis 0.104, and the frequencyof i is 0.536. Calculate the frequencies of individuals in this population with the four possible bloodtypes, assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.In Problems 15–17, you will see that because matingbetween individuals within populations at Hardy-Weinbergequilibrium is random, it is possible to predict matingfrequencies: that is, the proportion of all matings in thepopulation between individuals of particular genotypesor phenotypes.
Evolutionary Genetics
Evolution is known as continuous changes that occur to adjust organisms in their changing environment over many generations. Various theories have been proposed to illustrate the origin of life and organic evolution. The most accepted one is the theory of natural selection by Charles Darwin. According to his postulate, organisms undergo a struggle for existence due to overproduction. To survive in nature, they acquire variations. The inheritable variations are selected by nature, and it leads to the survival of the fittest.
Phenotype Frequency
The majority of populations have a certain degree of variation in their genetic pools. Scientists can predict the genetic variation happening over time by measuring the amount of genetic variation in a population and these predictions assist them in gaining important insights into the processes that allow organisms to adapt to the environment or to develop into new species over generations. This process is referred to as the process of evolution.
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium
The frequencies of allele and genotype were maintained constant from one generation to another due to the absence of other evolutionary forces. It is otherwise called the Hardy Weinberg principle the field of population genetics.
The equation p2
+ 2pq + q2
= 1 representing the
Hardy-Weinberg proportions examines genes with
only two alleles in a population.
a. Derive a similar equation describing the equilibrium proportions of genotypes for a gene with
three alleles. [Hint: Remember that the HardyWeinberg equation can be written as the binomial
expansion (p + q)
2
.]
b. A single gene with three alleles (I
A
, I
B
, and i) is
responsible for the ABO blood groups. Individuals
with blood type A can be either I
A I
A
or I
A i;
those with blood type B can be either I
B I
B
or I
B i;
people with AB blood are I
A I
B
, and type O individuals are ii. Among Armenians, the frequency of I
A
is
0.360, the frequency of I
B
is 0.104, and the frequency
of i is 0.536. Calculate the frequencies of individuals in this population with the four possible blood
types, assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
In Problems 15–17, you will see that because mating
between individuals within populations at Hardy-Weinberg
equilibrium is random, it is possible to predict mating
frequencies: that is, the proportion of all matings in the
population between individuals of particular genotypes
or
Trending now
This is a popular solution!
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps with 2 images
