The enthalpy of vaporization (AHvap) is determined from the Clausius-Clapeyron equation: In VP = (-AHvap/R)(1/T) + C (Note: the form of this equation is linear: y = mx + b) Use a Google Sheets to calculate the values for the x and y axis from the data given below and to plot the natural log of vapor pressure (In VP) versus the inverse temperature in Kelvin (1/T). Trial # T(K) VP(mmHg) 1 298.2 116.2 301.1 138.7 305.1 174.2 308.4 205.7 310.8 229.6 313.3 269.5 2 3 14 5 16 Paste the data table into your spreadsheet so that Trial # is in cell A1. A new column is inserted on the spreadsheet between the T(K) and VP(mmHg) columns for the 1/T calculation. What formula to calculate 1/T is typed into the cell directly to the right of 298.2 (cell C2)? =1/B2 How is the calculation completed for Trials 2-6? In column E, calculate In VP. • What formula to calculate In VP is typed into the cell directly to the right of 116.2 (cell E2)? =In(D2) Click on C2, grab square on bv How is the calculation completed for Trials 2-6? Click on E2, grab square on bc
States of Matter
The substance that constitutes everything in the universe is known as matter. Matter comprises atoms which in turn are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction, namely solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates).
Chemical Reactions and Equations
When a chemical species is transformed into another chemical species it is said to have undergone a chemical reaction. It consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new bonds by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.
 alt="Paste the data table into your spreadsheet so that Trial # is in cell A1.
A new column is inserted on the spreadsheet between the T(K) and VP(mmHg) columns for the 1/T
calculation.
What formula to calculate 1/T is typed into the cell directly to the right of 298.2 (cell C2)?
= 1/B2
3
In column E, calculate In VP.
• What formula to calculate In VP is typed into the cell directly to the right of 116.2 (cell E2)?
=In(D2)
#
How is the calculation completed for Trials 2-6? Click on C2, grab square on bv
Plot column C vs column E.
LL
How is the calculation completed for Trials 2-6?
F
The chart type should be Scatter chart. Change if it is something different. In the Chart editor click
on Customize, choose Series. Check the boxes next to Trendline and R2. Under Label change
Custom to Use Equation.
• After highlighting both columns, what is the next step? Both of these
What is the value of the slope? 5100.1
• If the value of R is 8.3145 J/molk, what is the value of AHvap? 42.4
kJ/mol
80
F3
$
4
R
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F4
%
5
Click on E2, grab square on bc v
F5
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

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