The enthalpy of vaporization (AHvap) is determined from the Clausius-Clapeyron equation: In VP = (-AHvap/R)(1/T) + C (Note: the form of this equation is linear: y = mx + b) Use a Google Sheets to calculate the values for the x and y axis from the data given below and to plot the natural log of vapor pressure (In VP) versus the inverse temperature in Kelvin (1/T). Trial # T(K) VP(mmHg) 1 298.2 116.2 301.1 138.7 305.1 174.2 308.4 205.7 310.8 229.6 313.3 269.5 2 3 14 5 16 Paste the data table into your spreadsheet so that Trial # is in cell A1. A new column is inserted on the spreadsheet between the T(K) and VP(mmHg) columns for the 1/T calculation. What formula to calculate 1/T is typed into the cell directly to the right of 298.2 (cell C2)? =1/B2 How is the calculation completed for Trials 2-6? In column E, calculate In VP. • What formula to calculate In VP is typed into the cell directly to the right of 116.2 (cell E2)? =In(D2) Click on C2, grab square on bv How is the calculation completed for Trials 2-6? Click on E2, grab square on bc
States of Matter
The substance that constitutes everything in the universe is known as matter. Matter comprises atoms which in turn are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction, namely solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates).
Chemical Reactions and Equations
When a chemical species is transformed into another chemical species it is said to have undergone a chemical reaction. It consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new bonds by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.
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