The enthalpy change for the following reaction is 95.4 kJ. Using bond energies, estimate the N-H bond energy in N₂H4(9). N₂(g) + 2H₂(9) N₂H4(9) kJ/mol The enthalpy change for the following reaction is 29.2 kJ. Using bond energies, estimate the CI-CI bond energy in Cl₂(9). Br₂(g) + Cl₂(9) 2BrCl(g) kJ/mol
Thermochemistry
Thermochemistry can be considered as a branch of thermodynamics that deals with the connections between warmth, work, and various types of energy, formed because of different synthetic and actual cycles. Thermochemistry describes the energy changes that occur as a result of reactions or chemical changes in a substance.
Exergonic Reaction
The term exergonic is derived from the Greek word in which ‘ergon’ means work and exergonic means ‘work outside’. Exergonic reactions releases work energy. Exergonic reactions are different from exothermic reactions, the one that releases only heat energy during the course of the reaction. So, exothermic reaction is one type of exergonic reaction. Exergonic reaction releases work energy in different forms like heat, light or sound. For example, a glow stick releases light making that an exergonic reaction and not an exothermic reaction since no heat is released. Even endothermic reactions at very high temperature are exergonic.
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![Given the enthalpy of a gas phase reaction, the H-Br bond energy may be estimated by taking into account
the other bonds broken (Ein > 0) and formed (Eout < 0) in the reaction.
AH = En x D(bonds broken) - Enx D(bonds formed)
In Bond D (kJ/mol)
Bonds broken 2 H-Br
1 CI-CI
H-CI
1 Br-Br
Bonds formed 2
AH (2 mol)
X
242
432 ▸
193
AH
(2 mol) x D(H-Br) + (1 mol) x D(C1-C1) - [(2 mol) x D(H-C1) + (1 mol) x D(Br-Br)] = -81.1
+ (1 mot) (22 kJ)-[(2
193 kJ
mol
=-81.1 k
mol
-81.1 kJ + (2 mol) (4)
Single Bonds
mol
+(1 mot) (190)]- (1 mol) (2 k)
2 mol
---
Double
Bonds
(kJ/mol)
C N
O
P
S CI Br I
H
F Si
H 436 413 391 463 565 318 322
347 432 366 299
C 413 346
305 358 485 ---
272 339 285 213
N 391 305 163 201 283
--- 192 243 ---
218 201 201
O 463 358 201 146 184 452 335
F 565 485 283 184 155 565 490 284 253 249 278
Si 318 ----- 452 565 222-293 381 310 234
P 322 --- --- 335 490 - 201326 184
S 347 272 ------ 284 293 226 255 213 ---
255 242 216 208
CI 432 339 192 218 253 381 326
Br 366 285 243 201 249 310
213 216 193 175
I
299 213
201 278 234 184
---208 175 151
---
Multiple Bonds
2 mol)
Triple Bonds
(kJ/mol)
602 C-C
C-C
0-0 498
C-O 732 CO
N-O 607
N=N
418 N=N
835
432
1072
+(1 mol)
945
=367 kJ/mol](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F91833cd9-697a-4db5-b757-025cc04b0b5a%2Fd39786f5-6288-479b-ba55-4985aed3f211%2F1y293on_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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