The energy exhaust from a certain coal-fired electric generating station is carried by “cooling water” into Lake Ontario. The water is warm from the viewpoint of living things in the lake. Some of them congregate around the outlet port and can impede the water flow. (a) Use the theory of heat engines to explain why this action can reduce the electric power output of the station. (b) An engineer says that the electric output is reduced because of “higher back pressure on the turbine blades.” Comment on the accuracy of this statement.

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