The director of library services at a college did a survey of types of books (by subject) in the circulation library. Then she used library records to take a random sample of 888 books checked out last term and classified the books in the sample by subject. The results are shown below. Percent of Books on Subject in Circulation Library on This Subject 32% 25% 20% 15% 8% Number of Books in Sample on This Subject 231 225 230 125 77 Subject Area Business Humanities Natural Science Social Science All other subjects Using a 5% level of significance, test the claim that the subject distribution of books in the library fits the distribution of books checked out by students. (a) What is the level of significance? 0.05 State the null and alternate hypotheses. Ho: The distributions are different. H1: The distributions are different. O Họ: The distributions are the same. H1: The distributions are different. Ho: The distributions are different. H1: The distributions are the same. Họ: The distributions are the same. H1: The distributions are the same. (b) Find the value of the chi-square statistic for the sample. (Round the expected frequencies to three decimal places. Round the test statistic to three decimal places.) Are all the expected frequencies greater than 5? O Yes No What sampling distribution will you use? chi-square binomial normal uniform Student's t What are the degrees of freedom? (c) Estimate the P-value of the sample test statistic.

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Types of Bias

Statistics is the study of data collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation. Statistical bias is a characteristic of a statistical technique or its findings in which the expected value deviates from the actual root quantitative parameter being estimated. According to the actual definition of bias, it refers to the tendency of a statistic to overestimate or underestimate a parameter.