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The differences are not statistically significant for which items?

The differences are not statistically significant for which items?

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
6th Edition
ISBN:9781119256830
Author:Amos Gilat
Publisher:Amos Gilat
Chapter1: Starting With Matlab
Section: Chapter Questions
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6. The differences are not statistically significant for which items?

Word File Edit View Insert Format Tools Table Window Help 12% Tue 3:44 PM AutoSave w- EDFN3520-Journal Article #5-Independent-t-test-37 Saved to my Mac OFF Home Insert Draw Design Layout References Mailings Review View Tell me Share Comments Calibri (Bo... 11 A A Aa ♥ AaBbCcDc AaBbCcDdEe AaBb( AaBbCcDdE€ > AaBbCcDdEe AaBbCcDdEe Paste ev Av No Spacing Styles Dictate Sensitivity I U ab x, x A Normal Heading 1 Heading 2 Title Subtitle Pane Exercise 37 Communication in Relationships t Test for Independent Groups: I Statistical Guide The t test is often used to test the significance of the difference between two means. It yields a value of p, which indicates the probability that chance or random sampling errors created the dif- ference between the means. Most researchers declare a difference to be significant when p is equal to or less than .05. The lower the probability, the more significant the difference. Thus, a p of .01 is more significant than a p of .05. When a researcher declares a difference to be statistically signifi- cant, he or she is rejecting the null hypothesis. The lower the probability, the more confidence a re- searcher can have in rejecting the null hypothesis. Note that the absence of footnotes with probabilities in a table that contains a number of sig- nificance tests indicates that the comparison in question is not statistically significant. Excerpt from the Research Article' The married sample comprised members of 100 heterosexual couples (54% were women and 46% were men) from a Midwestern university. The dating sample also consisted of members of 100 heterosexual couples (59% were women and 41% were men) from the same Midwestern university. All the married and dating couples were Euro-American. A researcher selected subjects in a haphaz- ard fashion and asked them to complete a short survey.... The mean age of the sample was 26.7 years (SD = 2.6). The Affectionate Communication Index is a 19-item index that...assesses the amount of ver- bal and nonverbal affectionate communication and support on a 7-point...scale, with anchors of 1 = partners always engage in this type of affectionate activity to 7 = partners never engage in this type of activity. [Thus, lower scores indicate more affectionate communication. Table 1 shows the results for the nonverbal activities.] Table 1 Dating and Married Individuals' Reports of Nonverbal Affectionate Communication Item M SD n t Hold hands Dating 100 3.7 1.9 3.3* Married 100 2.9 1.7 Kiss on the lips Dating 100 2.9 1.5 4.9* Married 100 2.0 1.1 Kiss on the cheeks Dating 100 3.6 1.6 4.5t Married 100 2.7 1.3 Give massages to each other Dating 100 4.2 1.8 5.0* Married 99 2.5 1.8 Put arm around shoulder Dating 100 3.6 1.8 4.6* Married 92 2.5 1.5 Table 1 continued on next page → 'Source: Punyanunt-Carter, N. M. (2004). Reported affectionate communication and satisfaction in marital and dating relationships. Psychological Reports, 95, 1154–1160. Copyright © 2004 by Psychological Reports. Reprinted with per- mission. Page 1 of 2 O words English (United States) E Focus 113% DEC étv A W •.. lil li 00
Transcribed Image Text:Word File Edit View Insert Format Tools Table Window Help 12% Tue 3:44 PM AutoSave w- EDFN3520-Journal Article #5-Independent-t-test-37 Saved to my Mac OFF Home Insert Draw Design Layout References Mailings Review View Tell me Share Comments Calibri (Bo... 11 A A Aa ♥ AaBbCcDc AaBbCcDdEe AaBb( AaBbCcDdE€ > AaBbCcDdEe AaBbCcDdEe Paste ev Av No Spacing Styles Dictate Sensitivity I U ab x, x A Normal Heading 1 Heading 2 Title Subtitle Pane Exercise 37 Communication in Relationships t Test for Independent Groups: I Statistical Guide The t test is often used to test the significance of the difference between two means. It yields a value of p, which indicates the probability that chance or random sampling errors created the dif- ference between the means. Most researchers declare a difference to be significant when p is equal to or less than .05. The lower the probability, the more significant the difference. Thus, a p of .01 is more significant than a p of .05. When a researcher declares a difference to be statistically signifi- cant, he or she is rejecting the null hypothesis. The lower the probability, the more confidence a re- searcher can have in rejecting the null hypothesis. Note that the absence of footnotes with probabilities in a table that contains a number of sig- nificance tests indicates that the comparison in question is not statistically significant. Excerpt from the Research Article' The married sample comprised members of 100 heterosexual couples (54% were women and 46% were men) from a Midwestern university. The dating sample also consisted of members of 100 heterosexual couples (59% were women and 41% were men) from the same Midwestern university. All the married and dating couples were Euro-American. A researcher selected subjects in a haphaz- ard fashion and asked them to complete a short survey.... The mean age of the sample was 26.7 years (SD = 2.6). The Affectionate Communication Index is a 19-item index that...assesses the amount of ver- bal and nonverbal affectionate communication and support on a 7-point...scale, with anchors of 1 = partners always engage in this type of affectionate activity to 7 = partners never engage in this type of activity. [Thus, lower scores indicate more affectionate communication. Table 1 shows the results for the nonverbal activities.] Table 1 Dating and Married Individuals' Reports of Nonverbal Affectionate Communication Item M SD n t Hold hands Dating 100 3.7 1.9 3.3* Married 100 2.9 1.7 Kiss on the lips Dating 100 2.9 1.5 4.9* Married 100 2.0 1.1 Kiss on the cheeks Dating 100 3.6 1.6 4.5t Married 100 2.7 1.3 Give massages to each other Dating 100 4.2 1.8 5.0* Married 99 2.5 1.8 Put arm around shoulder Dating 100 3.6 1.8 4.6* Married 92 2.5 1.5 Table 1 continued on next page → 'Source: Punyanunt-Carter, N. M. (2004). Reported affectionate communication and satisfaction in marital and dating relationships. Psychological Reports, 95, 1154–1160. Copyright © 2004 by Psychological Reports. Reprinted with per- mission. Page 1 of 2 O words English (United States) E Focus 113% DEC étv A W •.. lil li 00
Word File Edit View Insert Format Tools Table Window Help 12% Tue 3:44 PM AutoSave w- EDFN3520-Journal Article #5-Independent-t-test-37 Saved to my Mac OFF Home Insert Draw Design Layout References Mailings Review View Tell me Share Comments Calibri (Bo... 11 A A Aa ♥ AaBbCcDc AaBbCcDdE AaBb AaBbCcDdE€ > AaBbCcDdEe AaBbCcDdEe Paste ev Av No Spacing Styles Dictate Sensitivity I U ab x, x A Normal Heading 1 Heading 2 Title Subtitle Pane Exercise 37 Communication in Relationships: t Test for Independent Groups: I Table 1 continued Hug each other Dating 100 2.5 1.6 2.0* Married 100 2.1 1.2 Sit close to each other Dating 96 2.9 1.6 3.9* Married 100 2.0 1.6 Look into each other's eyes Dating Married 100 3.3 1.6 1.0 100 3.0 1.8 Wink at each other Dating 100 4.7 2.3 1.7 Married 96 4.2 1.9 *p< .05. *p< .001. Questions for Exercise 37 Part A: Factual Questions 1. Which group had a higher mean score for kissing on the lips (i.e., on the average, which group reported less kissing on the lips)? 2. Is the difference between the two means for kissing on the lips statistically significant? If yes, at what probability level? 3. Should the null hypothesis be rejected for kissing on the lips? If yes, at what probability level? 4. Is the difference between the two means for hugging each other statistically significant? If yes, at what probability level? 5. Should the null hypothesis be rejected for hugging each other? If yes, at what probability level? 6. The differences are not statistically significant for which items? 7. Should the null hypothesis be rejected for winking at each other? Page 2 of 2 O words English (United States) E Focus 113% DEC étv A W •.. lil li 00
Transcribed Image Text:Word File Edit View Insert Format Tools Table Window Help 12% Tue 3:44 PM AutoSave w- EDFN3520-Journal Article #5-Independent-t-test-37 Saved to my Mac OFF Home Insert Draw Design Layout References Mailings Review View Tell me Share Comments Calibri (Bo... 11 A A Aa ♥ AaBbCcDc AaBbCcDdE AaBb AaBbCcDdE€ > AaBbCcDdEe AaBbCcDdEe Paste ev Av No Spacing Styles Dictate Sensitivity I U ab x, x A Normal Heading 1 Heading 2 Title Subtitle Pane Exercise 37 Communication in Relationships: t Test for Independent Groups: I Table 1 continued Hug each other Dating 100 2.5 1.6 2.0* Married 100 2.1 1.2 Sit close to each other Dating 96 2.9 1.6 3.9* Married 100 2.0 1.6 Look into each other's eyes Dating Married 100 3.3 1.6 1.0 100 3.0 1.8 Wink at each other Dating 100 4.7 2.3 1.7 Married 96 4.2 1.9 *p< .05. *p< .001. Questions for Exercise 37 Part A: Factual Questions 1. Which group had a higher mean score for kissing on the lips (i.e., on the average, which group reported less kissing on the lips)? 2. Is the difference between the two means for kissing on the lips statistically significant? If yes, at what probability level? 3. Should the null hypothesis be rejected for kissing on the lips? If yes, at what probability level? 4. Is the difference between the two means for hugging each other statistically significant? If yes, at what probability level? 5. Should the null hypothesis be rejected for hugging each other? If yes, at what probability level? 6. The differences are not statistically significant for which items? 7. Should the null hypothesis be rejected for winking at each other? Page 2 of 2 O words English (United States) E Focus 113% DEC étv A W •.. lil li 00
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