The data shown below were obtained from the financial records of the BST Corporation for the year ended December 31, 2020. Sound Break Corporation Income and Retained Earnings Statement For the year Ended December 31, 2020 Net Sales P1,000,000 Cost of Goods Sold: Inventory, Dec. 31, 2019 P250,000 Purchases 720,000 Total Goods Available P970,000 Inventory 220,000 750,000 Gross Margin on Sales P 250,000 Selling and Administrative (including Depreciation of P20,000) 125,000 Net Income before Tax 125,000 Provision for Income Tax 35,000 Net Income for the Year 90,000 Retained Earnings, beginning 130,000 Total 220,000 Dividends Paid 30,000 Retained Earnings, December 31, 2020 190,000 Sound Break Corporation BALANCE SHEET December 31, 2019 and 2020 ASSETS 2019 2020 Current Assets: Cash P 75,000 P 85,000 Marketable Securities 25,000 25,000 Trade Receivables, net 185,000 245,000 Inventory, at cost 250,000 220,000 Prepaid Expenses 15,000 10,000 Total Current Assets P550,000 P585,000 Property and Other Assets: Equipment, net P340,000 P320,000 Other Assets 15,000 15,000 Total Property and Other Assets P355,000 P335,000 Total Assets P905,000 P920,000 LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY Current Liabilities:
Reporting Cash Flows
Reporting of cash flows means a statement of cash flow which is a financial statement. A cash flow statement is prepared by gathering all the data regarding inflows and outflows of a company. The cash flow statement includes cash inflows and outflows from various activities such as operating, financing, and investment. Reporting this statement is important because it is the main financial statement of the company.
Balance Sheet
A balance sheet is an integral part of the set of financial statements of an organization that reports the assets, liabilities, equity (shareholding) capital, other short and long-term debts, along with other related items. A balance sheet is one of the most critical measures of the financial performance and position of the company, and as the name suggests, the statement must balance the assets against the liabilities and equity. The assets are what the company owns, and the liabilities represent what the company owes. Equity represents the amount invested in the business, either by the promoters of the company or by external shareholders. The total assets must match total liabilities plus equity.
Financial Statements
Financial statements are written records of an organization which provide a true and real picture of business activities. It shows the financial position and the operating performance of the company. It is prepared at the end of every financial cycle. It includes three main components that are balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement.
Owner's Capital
Before we begin to understand what Owner’s capital is and what Equity financing is to an organization, it is important to understand some basic accounting terminologies. A double-entry bookkeeping system Normal account balances are those which are expected to have either a debit balance or a credit balance, depending on the nature of the account. An asset account will have a debit balance as normal balance because an asset is a debit account. Similarly, a liability account will have the normal balance as a credit balance because it is amount owed, representing a credit account. Equity is also said to have a credit balance as its normal balance. However, sometimes the normal balances may be reversed, often due to incorrect journal or posting entries or other accounting/ clerical errors.
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