The cross section through a concrete dam spillway, including a cut-off sheet pile wall, is given (next page). (A) Report the exact number of flow lines, flow channels, equipotential lines, and piezometric (head) drops through the permeable soil medium. (B) Compute the amount of flow under the dam spillway, per meter of dam, if the coefficient of permeability of the permeable soil medium is found to be 8.5 x 10-¹ cm/sec. (Show all pertinent formulas and calculations.) (C) Determine how high the water level would rise if piezometers were to be installed at the left and right corners of the base of the spillway. The labeling (or numbering) of these points is left to your own discretion. (D) Determine how high the water level would rise if piezometers were to be placed at the other four points where equipotential lines orthogonally intersect the base of the spillway. Likewise, the labeling (or numbering) of these points is left to your own discretion.

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Drainage of Pavements

Pavement Drainage holds ample significance, as it prevents the accumulation of water or any liquid on the surface of pavements and ensures proper drainage system. With proper design and gradual slopes provided, the water gets easily removed from the surface into the drains, which are essential during heavy rains and unusual weather conditions keeping it less prone to accidents and increasing the durability of the pavement structure.