The cost of a daily newspaper varies from city to city. However, the variation among prices remains steady with a population standard deviation of $0.20. A study was done to test the claim that the mean cost of a daily newspaper is $1.00. Thirteen costs yield a mean cost of $0.97 with a standard deviation of $0.18. Do the data support the claim at the 1% level? Note: If you are using a Student's t-distribution for the problem, you may assume that the underlying population is normally distributed. (In general, you must first prove that assumption, however.) Part (a) State the null hypothesis. H0: ? = 1.00 H0: ? < 1.00      H0: ? ≠ 1.00 H0: ? ≥ 1.00 Part (b) State the alternative hypothesis. Ha: ? ≠ 1.00 Ha: ? ≥ 1.00      Ha: ? = 1.00 Ha: ? < 1.00 Part (c) In words, state what your random variable X represents. X represents the cost of a daily newspaper.X represents the number of cities that publish daily newspapers.    X represents how much the cost of a daily newspaper varies from the average cost of all daily newspapers.X represents the average cost of a daily newspaper. Part (d) State the distribution to use for the test. (Round your answers to four decimal places.) X ~            ,     Part (e) What is the test statistic? (If using the z distribution round your answers to two decimal places, and if using the t distribution round your answers to three decimal places.)     =  Part (f) What is the p-value? (Round your answer to four decimal places.) Explain what the p-value means for this problem. If  H0 is false, then there is a chance equal to the p-value that the average cost of a daily newspaper is $0.97 or less OR $1.03 or more.If  H0 is false, then there is a chance equal to the p-value that the average cost of a daily newspaper is not $0.97 or less OR $1.03 or more.    If  H0 is true, then there is a chance equal to the p-value that the average cost of a daily newspaper is not $0.97 or less OR $1.03 or more.If H0  is true, then there is a chance equal to the p-value that the average cost of a daily newspaper is $0.97 or less OR $1.03 or more. Part (g) Sketch a picture of this situation. Label and scale the horizontal axis and shade the region(s) corresponding to the p-value. (Upload your file below.) Part (h) Indicate the correct decision ("reject" or "do not reject" the null hypothesis), the reason for it, and write an appropriate conclusion. (i) Alpha: ? =  (ii) Decision: reject the null hypothesis do not reject the null hypothesis     (iii) Reason for decision: Since ? > p-value, we reject the null hypothesis.Since ? < p-value, we reject the null hypothesis.    Since ? > p-value, we do not reject the null hypothesis.Since ? < p-value, we do not reject the null hypothesis. (iv) Conclusion: There is sufficient evidence to warrant a rejection of the claim that the average cost of a daily newspaper is equal to $1.00.There is not sufficient evidence to warrant a rejection of the claim that the the average cost of a daily newspaper is equal to $1.00.

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The cost of a daily newspaper varies from city to city. However, the variation among prices remains steady with a population standard deviation of $0.20. A study was done to test the claim that the mean cost of a daily newspaper is $1.00. Thirteen costs yield a mean cost of $0.97 with a standard deviation of $0.18. Do the data support the claim at the 1% level?

Note: If you are using a Student's t-distribution for the problem, you may assume that the underlying population is normally distributed. (In general, you must first prove that assumption, however.)

  • Part (a)

    State the null hypothesis.
    H0: ? = 1.00
    H0: ? < 1.00
        
    H0: ? ≠ 1.00
    H0: ? ≥ 1.00
  • Part (b)

    State the alternative hypothesis.
    Ha: ? ≠ 1.00
    Ha: ? ≥ 1.00
        
    Ha: ? = 1.00
    Ha: ? < 1.00
  • Part (c)

    In words, state what your random variable X represents.
    X represents the cost of a daily newspaper.X represents the number of cities that publish daily newspapers.    X represents how much the cost of a daily newspaper varies from the average cost of all daily newspapers.X represents the average cost of a daily newspaper.
  • Part (d)

    State the distribution to use for the test. (Round your answers to four decimal places.)
    X ~        
     
      ,  
     
  • Part (e)

    What is the test statistic? (If using the z distribution round your answers to two decimal places, and if using the t distribution round your answers to three decimal places.)
        = 
  • Part (f)

    What is the p-value? (Round your answer to four decimal places.)


    Explain what the p-value means for this problem.
    If 
    H0 is false, then there is a chance equal to the p-value that the average cost of a daily newspaper is $0.97 or less OR $1.03 or more.If 
    H0 is false, then there is a chance equal to the p-value that the average cost of a daily newspaper is not $0.97 or less OR $1.03 or more.    If 
    H0 is true, then there is a chance equal to the p-value that the average cost of a daily newspaper is not $0.97 or less OR $1.03 or more.If H0
     is true, then there is a chance equal to the p-value that the average cost of a daily newspaper is $0.97 or less OR $1.03 or more.
  • Part (g)

    Sketch a picture of this situation. Label and scale the horizontal axis and shade the region(s) corresponding to the p-value. (Upload your file below.)
  • Part (h)

    Indicate the correct decision ("reject" or "do not reject" the null hypothesis), the reason for it, and write an appropriate conclusion.
    (i) Alpha:
    ? = 

    (ii) Decision:
    reject the null hypothesis do not reject the null hypothesis    

    (iii) Reason for decision:
    Since ? > p-value, we reject the null hypothesis.Since ? < p-value, we reject the null hypothesis.    Since ? > p-value, we do not reject the null hypothesis.Since ? < p-value, we do not reject the null hypothesis.

    (iv) Conclusion:
    There is sufficient evidence to warrant a rejection of the claim that the average cost of a daily newspaper is equal to $1.00.There is not sufficient evidence to warrant a rejection of the claim that the the average cost of a daily newspaper is equal to $1.00.    


 
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