The coordinates of two points on the virgin compression line are as below : o₁ = 400 kPa, e₁ = 0.8; o₂ = 800 kPa, e₂ = 0.75 In the field, a 3 m thick normally consolidated layer of this soil subjected to construction load and the average effective vertical stress increased from 250 kPa to 450 kPa. Determine : (i) the compression index and initial void ratio of the clay layer, (ii) the consolidation settlement of the layer, and

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Q: soil

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Calculation of Settlement

The vertical displacement of the structural foundation due to the loading from the superstructure is known as settlement. It is due to the reduction of air voids present in the soil. The amount of vertical displacement depends on the bearing capacity of the soil on which the foundation is laid. The effect of the settlement depends on the magnitude of settlement, uniformity, and the structural design of the structure. The maximum allowable settlement for residential and office buildings should be less than 18 mm, for industrial buildings, it is 38 mm and for commercial buildings, it is 25 mm.