Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are the organic compounds that are obtained in foods and living matters in the shape of sugars, cellulose, and starch. The general formula of carbohydrates is Cn(H2O)2. The ratio of H and O present in carbohydrates is identical to water.
Starch
Starch is a polysaccharide carbohydrate that belongs to the category of polysaccharide carbohydrates.
Mutarotation
The rotation of a particular structure of the chiral compound because of the epimerization is called mutarotation. It is the repercussion of the ring chain tautomerism. In terms of glucose, this can be defined as the modification in the equilibrium of the α- and β- glucose anomers upon its dissolution in the solvent water. This process is usually seen in the chemistry of carbohydrates.
L Sugar
A chemical compound that is represented with a molecular formula C6H12O6 is called L-(-) sugar. At the carbon’s 5th position, the hydroxyl group is placed to the compound’s left and therefore the sugar is represented as L(-)-sugar. It is capable of rotating the polarized light’s plane in the direction anticlockwise. L isomers are one of the 2 isomers formed by the configurational stereochemistry of the carbohydrates.
HSO4-(aq) + H2O(l) ⟷⟷ H2SO4(aq) + OH-(aq)
![### Conjugate Bases
In the context of acid-base chemistry, a conjugate base is formed when an acid donates a proton (H⁺). The conjugate base is the species that remains after the acid has given up a proton.
Examine the following multiple-choice question to test your understanding of conjugate bases:
**Question:** The conjugate base is
- ⬜ none
- ⬜ OH⁻
- ⬜ HSO₄⁻
- ⬜ H₂SO₄
- ⬜ H₂O
### Explanation of Options
- **none**: This choice implies that no conjugate base is formed, which is incorrect as every acid has a conjugate base.
- **OH⁻ (Hydroxide ion)**: This is the conjugate base of water (H₂O) when water acts as an acid.
- **HSO₄⁻ (Hydrogen sulfate ion)**: This is the conjugate base of sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) when sulfuric acid donates a proton.
- **H₂SO₄ (Sulfuric acid)**: This is an acid, not a conjugate base.
- **H₂O (Water)**: Although water can act as both an acid and a base, it is not the conjugate base in this context.
The correct answer depends on the specific acid in question. For example, if H₂SO₄ (sulfuric acid) is the acid, its conjugate base would be HSO₄⁻. If water is the acid, its conjugate base would be OH⁻. Understanding the concept of conjugate acid-base pairs is fundamental in acid-base chemistry.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Ffce2970f-4304-4c10-87dc-d005aca3c240%2F60fcdc09-54f8-4c97-ba02-be114d02ace9%2Fg49v6a5_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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